Method of manipulating the chemical properties of water to impro

Details Method of manipulating the chemical properties of water to impro Method of manipulating the chemical properties of water to impro

1997-09-24

1999-12-14

Kim, John

Liquid purification or separation

Processes

Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...

210633, 210634, 210635, 210690, 210694, 210737, 210774, B01D 1100, B01D 1102, B01D 1104

Patent

active

060012560

ABSTRACT:
The method of the present invention is adapted to manipulate the chemical properties of water in order to improve the effectiveness of a desired chemical process. The method involves heating the water in the vessel to subcritical temperatures between 100.degree. to 374.degree. C. while maintaining sufficient pressure to the water to maintain the water in the liquid state. Various physiochemical properties of the water can be manipulated including polarity, solute solubility, surface tension, viscosity, and the disassociation constant. The method of the present invention has various uses including extracting organics from solids and semisolids such as soil, selectively extracting desired organics from nonaqueous liquids, selectively separating organics using sorbent phases, enhancing reactions by controlling the disassociation constant of water, cleaning waste water, and removing organics from water using activated carbon or other suitable sorbents.

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Haar, L.; Gallagher, J.S.; Kell, G.S., National Bureau of Standards/National Research Council Steam Tables; Hemisphere Publishing Corp.: Bristol, Prior Art, 1984, pp. 16-22, 263, 266 and 267.
Melander, W.R.; Horvath, C., High Performance Liquid Chromatography--Advances and Perspectives; vol. 2, Horvath, C., Ed., Academic Press, Inc.: New York, 1980, pp. 113-319.
David J. Miller & Steven B. Hawthorne; Analytical Chemistry: Subcritical Water Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection; Feb. 15, 1997, Reprinted from vol. 69, No. 4; p. 623-627.
Steven B. Hawthorne, Yu Yang & David J. Miller; Analytical Chemistry: Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Solids with Sub- and supercritical Water; Sep. 15, 1994; vol. 66, No. 18; p. 2912-2920.
Yu Yang, Soren Bowadt, Steven B. Hawthorne, & David J. Miller; Analytical Chemistry: Subcritical Water Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil and Sediment; Dec. 15, 1995; vol. 67, No. 24; p. 4571-4576.
Kimberly J. Hageman, Laurent Mazeas, Carol B. Grabanski, David J. Miller, and Steven B. Hawthorne; Analytical Chemistry: Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids; Nov. 15, 1996; Reprinted from vol. 68, No. 22, p. 3892-3898.
Yu Yang, Steven B. Hawthorne, and David J. Miller; Environmental Science & Technology: Class-Selection Extraction of Polar, Moderately Polar, and Nonpolar Organics from Hydrocarbon Wastes Using Subcritical Water; 1997, Reprinted from vol. 31, No. 2; p. 430-437.

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