Method of large-scale propagation of trees of genus Swietenia

Details Method of large-scale propagation of trees of genus Swietenia Method of large-scale propagation of trees of genus Swietenia

2000-03-17

2002-11-19

Poon, Peter M. (Department: 3643)

Plant husbandry

Process

C435S410000, C435S430000, C435S041000, C800S298000, C800S295000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06481154

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for large-scale propagation of trees of genus Swietenia, particularly
Swietenia macrophylla
KING belonging to the genus Swietenia by tissue culture.
BACKGROUND ART
Trees of genus Swietenia are major afforested trees in tropical zones of the world, and their loss due to pest injuries is a serious problem. Recent progress of tissue culture technique has enabled new species having resistances to diseases and pests in many plants, and provision of trees of genus Swietenia with a resistance to pests is expectable. Generally, conventional techniques such as afforestation based on cuttings, etc. are not acceptable in attempts to propagate useful old trees. It is also understood that propagation of elite tree and/or plus trees is hard to conduct.
Recently, several research groups have been studying tissue culture techniques to solve the problems so far encountered. In this connection, only four successful results have been reported up to now (S. Venketeswaran, M. A. D. L. Dias, F. Sultranbawa, U. V. Weyers (1988): Tissue culture on mahogany tree, Swietenia, Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants: 147-153; S. K. Lee, A. N. Rao (1988): Plantlet production of
Swietenia macrophylla
king through tissue culture, Gard. Bull. Sing. 41(1): 11-18; E. Maruyama, K. Ishii, A. Saito, K. Migita (1989): Screening of suitable sterilization of explants and proper media for tissue culture of eleven tree species of Peru-Amazon forest, Journal of Agricultural Science 33(4): 252-261; and T. Kondo, M. Okamura (1994): Tissue culture of culturing of Woody Plants (Special Issue) '94: 4-5). However these studies are limited to shoot regeneration and induction of multiple shoots even when young plantlets germinated under aseptic conditions or terminal buds are used as materials, and regeneration of plantlets is not realized and regeneration and large-scale propagation of young plantlets from mature trees cannot be attained. Thus, development of an efficient culturing method has been keenly desired.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a large-scale propagation method, which enables large-scale production of trees of genus Swietenia, particularly
Swietenia macrophylla
KING.
As a result of extensive studies on development of a large-scale propagation method enabling a large-scale production of nursery stocks or mature trees of genus Swietenia, the present inventors succeeded in induction of multiple shoots having definite buds and/or adventitious buds by culturing terminal buds or axillary buds of trees of genus Swietenia and furthermore in efficient propagation of the induced multiple shoots. It was further found that efficient induction and propagation of multiple shoots could be attained particularly by adding 3-indole butyric acid (IBA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) to an induction medium for inducing multiple shoots and a medium for propagating the multiple shoots, and furthermore that the propagation efficiency of multiple shoots could be increased by liquid gyratory culture for propagating the multiple shoots. It was also found that efficient shoot elongation could be promoted by adding IBA and BAP to the medium and by liquid stationary culture in the elongation of shoots from the multiple shoots. Still furthermore, it was found that further shoot elongation and rooting could be attained by culturing the propagated shoots on a medium containing IBA.
The process for the large-scale propagation of trees of genus Swietenia according to the present invention, which comprises the steps of:
culturing terminal buds or axillary buds of trees of genus Swietenia on a multiple shoots-inducing medium, thereby inducing multiple shoots having a large number of definite buds and/or adventitious buds;
transplanting the resulting multiple shoots to a propagation medium and propagating the transplanted multiple shoots;
transplanting the propagated multiple shoots to a shoot elongation medium and subjecting the transplanted, propagated multiple shoots by stationary culture, thereby promoting shoot elongation; and
transplanting the elongated shoots to a rooting medium, thereby rooting the transplanted elongated shoots to regenerate the plantlets of trees of genus Swietenia.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a large number of young plantlets of trees of genus Swietenia can be efficiently produced by inducing and propagating multiple shoots from terminal buds or axillary buds of nursery stocks and mature trees, then elongating shoots from the multiple shoots so obtained and rooting the elongated shoots.
Trees of genus Swietenia for use in the present invention includes, for example,
Swietenia macrophylla
KING.
Culture materials for use in the present invention include, for example, terminal buds or axillary buds excised from nursery stocks and mature trees. The excised terminal buds or axillary buds are subjected to surface sterilization with ethanol and sodium hypochlorite or aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution or mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) according to the ordinary procedure, and washed with sterilized water an then cultured on a medium.
The multiple shoots-inducing medium for use in the induction of multiple shoots from terminal buds or axillary buds is an ordinary basal medium containing an inorganic component and a carbon source as essential components, and also containing a plant growth regulator, a vitamin and amino acid. The inorganic component includes inorganic compounds containing such elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, cobalt, etc. The carbon source includes carbohydrates such as sucrose and glucose. The plant growth regulator includes, for example, auxin and cytokinin. The auxin includes, for example, 3-indole butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), etc. The cytokinin includes, for example, benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, zeatin, 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-Thiadiazol-5-YL)-Urea (Thidiazuron), etc. The vitamin includes, for example, thiamine, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, etc. The amino acid includes, for example, glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, etc.
The medium for use in the actual culture is a medium used for plant tissue culture, such as a MS medium (Murashige, T. (1962), Physiol Plant 15: 473-497), a B5 medium (Gramborg, O. L. (1968), Exp. Cell Res. 50: 151-158), a WP medium (Lloyd, G. (1981), Int. Plant prop. Soc. 30: 421-427), an BTM medium (Chalupa, V. (1984) Biologia Plnt. 26: 374-377), etc. Or, their modified media such as a modified MS medium, a modified B5 medium, a modified WP medium, a modified BTM medium, etc. may be used, where the modified media designate media containing each of components in the basic media such as MS, B5, WP and BTM media at a changed concentration of, for example, half or one-fourth of the concentration in the basic media.
Particularly preferable are a B5 medium and its modified medium. To promote induction and growth of definite buds and adventitious buds, it is preferable to use a medium containing 0.02 to 1.0 mg/l of BAP or not more than 0.02 mg/l of IBA together with 0.02 to 1.0 mg/l of BAP.
Then, the multiple shoots so obtained are transplanted to a propagation medium to efficiently propagate the transplanted multiple shoots.
As a propagation medium, the above-mentioned basal medium can be used. Particularly, a medium containing an inorganic component, a carbon source, a vitamin, amino acid, etc. and also containing 0.02 to 0.2 mg/l of IBA and 0.2 to 2.0 mg/l of BAP is preferable. In actual culture, it is preferable to use a B5 medium containing such amounts of IBA and BAP as above or its modified medium. A solid or liquid medium is preferably used for the culture, and particularly a liquid gyratory culture is preferably used. More specifically a liquid gyratory culture under a gyratory condition of 60 to 100 rpm, preferably 70 to 80 rpm, is preferable.
Then, the propagated multiple shoots are translated to a shoot elongation

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