Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-06-15
2001-01-16
Reamer, James H. (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
active
06174914
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations. More particularly, the present invention relates to therapeutic and prophylactic use of 11-(3-dimethylamino-propylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid for treating and/or preventing cytokine release from human ocular cells and resulting ocular neovascularization or non-allergic inflammatory conditions.
2. Description of the Related Art
As taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,871,865 and 4,923,892, both assigned to Burroughs Wellcome Co. (“the Burroughs Wellcome Patents”), certain carboxylic acid derivatives of doxepin, including 11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepine-2-carboxylic acid and 11-(3-dimethylamino-propylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepine-2(E)-acrylic acid, have antihistaminic and antiasthmatic activity. These two patents classify the carboxylic acid derivatives of doxepin as mast cell stabilizers with antihistaminic action because they are believed to inhibit the release of autacoids (i.e., histamine, serotonin, and the like) from mast cells and to inhibit directly histamine's effects on target tissues. The Burroughs Wellcome Patents teach various pharmaceutical formulations containing the carboxylic acid derivatives of doxepin; Example 8 (I) in both of the patents discloses an ophthalmic solution formulation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,116,863, assigned to Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., (“the Kyowa patent”), teaches that acetic acid derivatives of doxepin, including Z-11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid, have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity is attributable to prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting activity (see Col. 28, lines 51-57). The doxepin derivatives disclosed by the Kyowa patent are represented by Compound (I):
Compounds where X represents ═N—, ═CH— or —CH
2
— are described as having strong antiallergic activity, whereas compounds where X represents ═N— are described as having strong antiinflammatory activity (see Col. 24, lines 20-57). Thus, for anti-inflammatory applications, the Kyowa patent suggests doxepin derivatives of Compound (I) where X is ═N—.
The Kyowa patent demonstrates anti-allergic activity and anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar male rats. Medicament forms taught by the Kyowa patent for the acetic acid derivatives of doxepin include a wide range of acceptable carriers; however, only oral and injection administration forms are mentioned. In the treatment of allergic eye disease, such as allergic conjunctivitis, such administration methods require large doses of medicine.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,805 discloses topical ophthalmic formulations containing 11-(3-dimethylamino-propylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid for treating allergic eye diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for treating or preventing ophthalmic neovascularization and non-allergic inflammatory disorders involving cytokine release from human ocular cells. The method comprises inhibiting cytokine release from human ocular cells by administering to the eye an ophthalmic formulation which contains a therapeutically effective amount of 11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid (referred to as “Compound A” hereinafter) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The formulation may contain the cis isomer of Compound A (Z-11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz-[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid), the trans isomer of Compound A (E-11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid), or a combination of both the cis and the trans isomers of Compound A. Unless specified otherwise, “11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz-[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid” or “Compound A” means the cis isomer, the trans isomer or a mixture of both. “Cis isomer” means the cis isomer substantially free of the trans isomer; “trans isomer” means the trans isomer substantially free of the cis isomer. One isomer is “substantially free” of the other isomer if less than about two percent of the unwanted isomer is present.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Compound A is a known compound and both the cis and the trans isomers of Compound A can be obtained by the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,116,863, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in the present specification.
Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compound A include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate and phosphate; organic acid salts such as acetate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate and citrate; alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt; metal salts such as aluminum salt and zinc salt; and organic amine addition salts such as triethylamine addition salt (also known as tromethamine), morpholine addition salt and piperidine addition salt.
Compound A may be administered to the eye in a variety of ways. The most preferred way is by means of conventional topical ophthalmic formulations, such as solutions, suspensions or gels. Alternatively, Compound A may be administered to the eye via injection or implant. Depending upon the type of formulation, conventional ingredients will be combined with Compound A. The preferred formulation for topical ophthalmic administration of Compound A is a solution administered as eye drops. The preferred form of Compound A in the ophthalmic formulations of the present invention is the cis isomer. A general method of preparing an eye drop formulation of the present invention is described below as a nonlimiting example.
Compound A and an isotonic agent are added to sterilized purified water, and if required, a preservative, a buffering agent, a stabilizer, a viscous vehicle and the like are added to the solution and dissolved therein. The concentration of Compound A is 0.0001 to 5 w/v %, preferably 0.0001 to 0.001 w/v %, and most preferably about 0.0005 w/v %, based on the sterilized purified water. After dissolution, the pH is adjusted with a pH controller to be within a range suitable for use as an ophthalmic medicine, preferably within the range of 4.5 to 8.
Sodium chloride, glycerin, mannitol or the like may be used as the isotonic agent; p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, benzalkonium chloride or the like as the preservative; sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, boric acid or the like as the buffering agent; sodium edetate or the like as the stabilizer; polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid or the like as the viscous vehicle; and sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid or the like as the pH controller.
If required, other ophthalmic drugs such as epinephrine, naphazoline hydrochloride, berberine chloride, sodium azulenesulfonate, lysozyme chloride, glycyrrhizate and the like may be added.
The eye drops produced by the above method typically need only be applied to the eyes a few times a day in an amount of one to several drops at a time, though in more severe cases the drops may be applied several times a day. A typical drop is about 30 &mgr;l.
According to the method of the present invention, ophthalmic formulations containing Compound A are used to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from human ocular cells, such as human conjunctival epithelial cells. This type of cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-6 and IL-8) can stimulate ocular neovascularization (see, for example, Yoshida et al., IOVS, 39:1097 (1998)) and other non-allergic inflammatory conditions, such as dry eye, keratitits, blepharitis, uveitis and inflammation related to infection, for example.
Certain embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the following examples.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4871865 (1989-10-01), Lever, Jr. et al.
patent: 4923892 (1990-05-01), Lever, Jr. et al.
patent: 5116863 (1992-05-01), Oshima et al.
Gamache Daniel A.
Weimer Lori K.
Yanni John M.
Alcon Laboratories Inc.
Reamer James H.
Ryan Patrick M.
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