Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Reexamination Certificate
1998-10-23
2002-10-01
Whisenant, Ethan C. (Department: 1656)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
C435S006120, C435S091100, C435S091510, C436S094000, C536S023100, C536S024300, C536S024330
Reexamination Certificate
active
06458566
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The analysis of bacterial responses to environmental stimuli can provide valuable insights into cellular mechanisms (1-5). This approach is particularly well suited for studies of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, a pathogen that must adapt to a variety of hostile milieu including phagocytosis by macrophages and treatment with antibiotics. Differential gene expression in bacteria has been difficult to study because the absence of poly(A)
+
RNA complicates removal of abundant ribosomal rRNA from low-abundance mRNA. The number of differentially expressed genes that have been identified in bacteria has been limited (6-11), except under circumstances where large amounts of RNA can be obtained (12). It recently has become possible to monitor gene expression in multiple bacterial genes simultaneously by direct hybridization of total RNA to high-density DNA arrays (12). However, the large amounts of labeled RNA that must be hybridized to such arrays currently restricts their utility in many biologically relevant investigations. This problem is not resolved by amplification of samples with the PCR because it often is not possible to amplify complex mixtures of mRNA sequences while at the same time maintaining their relative proportions (13). Accordingly, an efficient and rapid method of identifying differentially expressed mRNA would aid tremendously in understanding gene differential gene expression.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The existing need for an efficient and rapid method of identifying differentially expressed mRNA is met by the method provided by the present invention. The method provided by the present invention sets forth a novel combination of methods and principles which allows for the rapid and accurate isolation and identification of a large number of differentially expressed mRNAs.
Additional objects of the invention will be apparent from the description which follows.
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Hughes et al., Development of mycobacterial species-specific DNA probes by subtraction hybridization. FEMS Microbiology Lett. 156, 31-36, Nov. 1, 1997.*
Kinger et al., Identification and cloning of genes differentially expressed in the virulent strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene 131, 113-117, 1993.*
Riley et al., A novel, rapid method for the isolation of terminal sequences from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 2887-2890, 1990.*
Straus et al., Genomic subtraction for cloning DNA corresponding to deletion mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1889-1893, Mar. 1990.*
Gingrich et al., partial CviJl digestion as an alterative approach to generate cosmid sublibraries for large scale sequencing projects. BioTechniques 21, 99-104, Jul. 1996.*
Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, pp. 382-386, 1982, published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.*
Robinson et al., Isolation of maltose-regulated genes from theHyperthermophilic archaeum,Pyrococcus furisus, by subtractive hybridization. Gene, 148, 137-141, 1994.*
Ray et al., Isolation and characterization of genes associated with chromosome-6 mediated tumor suppression in human malignant melanoma. Oncogene 12, 2527-2533, 1996.
Alland David
Bloom Barry R.
Kramnik Igor
Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University
Amster Rothstein & Ebenstein
Lu Frank
Whisenant Ethan C.
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