Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Specified terranean relationship – Means to control heat transfer; e.g. – insulation or...
Patent
1991-08-08
1993-08-10
Friedman, Carl D.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Specified terranean relationship
Means to control heat transfer; e.g., insulation or...
5216914, 52274, 405229, E02D 504
Patent
active
052338010
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a building and a method for erecting a building.
The object of the invention is to provide a method of erecting the outer walls of a building so that with a minimum consumption of energy--corresponding to the free heat from a few individuals, use of refrigerators, freezers, TV and consumption of electricity for lighting purposes--a stay temperature is maintained inside the building, both when the ambient temperature is low like in the winter, and when it is high like in the summer.
The term stay temperature is taken to mean room temperature, about 20.degree. C., in case of dwellings, and of course other temperatures in case of buildings for domestic animals or cold stores.
The stated object is obtained according to the invention in that the method stated in the opening paragraph is characterized by the features defined in the claims.
As stated, the load-bearing steel plates of the building extend a distance down into the constant heat area of the earth. "Constant heat area" refers to the portion of the earth which remains at a constant temperature. For the Danish climate, this means that the steel plates extend 1-1.5 m down into the ground, while, if the building is to be erected e.g. at Thule, they are to extend considerably further down.
The steel plates, which may form the load-bearing structure of the building instead of traditional structures of e.g. bricks and concrete, serve as heat conductors to and from the constant heat area lying below the building. The plates have an upper portion which is above ground level and a lower portion which is below ground level.
In the summer the heat passes through the steel down into the earth in a depth with a prevailing temperature of +8.degree. C. and is stored there. This results in a very significant increase in the temperature in the constant heat area.
In the winter, where we need supply of heat, the heat goes the other way up through the steel plates, from the earth and upwardly toward the roof. An average temperature for the year is maintained in this manner in the steel plates.
It is thus clear that there is a very great temperature difference between the surface temperature in the outer walls of traditional buildings and the surface temperature in the steel plates on a cold winter day.
In case of a temperature in a winter night of e.g. -4.degree. C. in the surface of an outer wall and thus a temperature difference of 24.degree. C. to a stay temperature of 20.degree. C., and the stated temperature of -4.degree. C. is compared with the +8.degree. C. of the steel plate originating from the heat in the constant heat area, the steel plate entails that the temperature difference will only be 12.degree. C., and it is this feature which entails that energy consumption for heating is avoided.
From this starting point, the +8.degree. C. of the steel plate, the building is insulated to the desired stay temperature of e.g. 20.degree. C. inside the building, this temperature being maintained by the free heat (the amount of heat liberated by the inhabitants together with domestic appliances, light, radio, TV, etc.). Thus, it does not matter whether the building is erected in the northern part of Norway or in Sahara, the thickness of insulation being merely regulated. In Denmark, a thickness of insulation corresponding to about 40 cm mineral wool thickness will be suitable for maintaining a desired temperature. This insulation thickness will thus maintain the 20.degree. C. because of the free heat liberated inside the building, and because the steel plates, as mentioned, are kept at +8.degree. C. by means of the heat from the constant heat area, even though the ambient temperature is -4.degree. C.
In case of a severe winter which does not follow a warm summer, there will be a heat energy supply deficiency at the end of the winter. The heat of the earth, which is +8.degree. C. in Denmark, as mentioned, is used for balancing this heat deficiency. In case of an extended cold period of -10.degree. C. in a very severe winter calculations show that the
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patent: 3561175 (1971-02-01), Best et al.
patent: 3820295 (1974-06-01), Folley
patent: 4263762 (1981-04-01), Reed
patent: 4409766 (1983-10-01), Blackmore
patent: 4433720 (1984-02-01), Lowstuter
Friedman Carl D.
Leno Matthew E.
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