Electric heating – Metal heating – Nonatmospheric environment at hot spot
Patent
1981-01-29
1983-03-15
Goldberg, Elliot A.
Electric heating
Metal heating
Nonatmospheric environment at hot spot
B23K 2500
Patent
active
043768814
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the welding art and particularly to an electroslag welding method wherein a plate electrode is melted under conditions of deleterious effects of external magnetic fields with a high magnetic induction.
The electroslag welding with a plate electrode is to be understood as electroslag welding wherein used as electrodes are plates of large cross-section commensurable with the sizes of a gap between the component parts to be welded.
The deleterious effects of external magnetic fields upon the welding process manifest themselves, for example, in mounting heavy aluminium leads of electrolyzers used in non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry where external magnetic field act.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Up to now the problem of carrying out the welding process in external magnetic fields has not been adequately solved. Manual inert-gas-shielded submerged-and-tungsten welding used for assembly purposes fails to provide for a high-quality weld, particularly in mounting component parts, such as busbars for the electrolyzers having an appreciable thickness (100 to 200 ml). Normally, such component parts can be welded to advantage by means of a plate electrode. However, such a welding process carried out in intense external magnetic fields is unstable. This is due to the nature of the electroslag welding process wherein the metal is melted by the heat of the molten slag heated by an electric current passing therethrough (Slovar-spravochnik po svarke, "Naukova Dumka" Publishers, Kiev, 1974, p. 187). An external magnetic field acts upon the liquid slag and metal as a conductor with current, initiating the movement of the melt, which leads to unstability of the process, thus resulting in a sharp angular deflection of the surface of the welding bath.
It has been found that adequately welded joints can be obtained if the surface of the welding bath deflects from the horizontal plane by not more than 15.degree.. If the angle of deflection of the surface of the welding bath exceeds 15.degree., there may occur one-sided incomplete fusion as well as splashing-out of the welding bath.
There is known in the art a method of electroslag welding with a plate electrode as described in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 149,166 published in bulletin "Otkritia, izobretenia, promyshlennye obraztsy i tovarnyie znaki" No. 15, 1962. With this method on the component parts to be welded, which component parts are mounted with a gap between the edges thereof, there is assembled a moulding device comprising a bottom plate provided with a pocket, side molds and upper output straps which serve to maintain the slag bath at the final stage of the welding process. A portion of welding flux is charged into the pocket of the bottom plate, whereupon a plate electrode is introduced into the gap. The electrode is connected to one of the terminals of the welding current source, and the component parts to be welded and the bottom plate are connected to the other terminal. The welding process is initiated by touching the bottom of the pocket with the end of the electrode, thereby starting an electric arc which melts down the portion of the flux, thus forming a slag bath. The molten slag which is a conductor of electric current shunts the arc, thereby inducing the electroslag process which consists in the welding current passing through the molten slag, overheating the latter.
In the regions where the overheated slag contacts the electrode and the edges of the component parts, there takes plade an intensive local heating of the component parts being welded and the electrode by the heat of the molten slag, and the material (metal) from which the component parts and the electrode are made melts down. The molten metal together with the molten slag disposed thereon forms a welding bath whose side portions form under the portions of the non-molten metal of the edges which have the form of shoulders whose width corresponds to the depth of the melting zone (fusion) of the edges. As the metal melts down in the
REFERENCES:
Slovar-spravochnik po svarke, "Naukova Dumka" Publishers, Kiev, 1974, p. 187.
Antonov Anatoly V.
Safonnikov Anatoly N.
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