Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
Patent
1987-02-02
1988-10-11
Richman, Barry S.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
422 29, 422 32, A61L 218, A61L 220, A01N 2502, A01N 5900
Patent
active
047770180
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a method of disinfecting premises from coccidial oocysts. Coccidiosis is a disease affecting livestock particularly poultry especially in a warm humid environment. The disease is caused by certain protozoa referred to generally as coccidia of which various species of Eimeria have been identified and shown to be pathogenic to livestock. The disease is spread by oocysts of the coccidia which are resistant to a wide variety of normal disinfectant materials and in many instances can persist in the environment for a very long period of time. For example, oocysts of Eimeria chandallis, an important parasite of sheep, are highly resistant to the environment under normal conditions.
In intensive livestock husbandry the premises are generally cleaned and disinfected at the end of each cropping period before re-stocking with young livestock. Unless special precautions are taken, coccidial oocysts left in the environment, particularly on the floor and lower walls of the premises, quickly infect the new livestock to an extent beyond ready control by coccidiastatic medicaments which may be given in the feed.
The most effective chemical agent yet found to control coccidia is ammonia. However the use of aqueous ammonia or ammonia gas is objectionable, not least because of its effects on the operator.
In British patent specification No 1362963 it was proposed to disinfect premises both from coccidia and from bacteria by the use of three components which were added in sequence to water resulting in solubilization of the bactericide and interaction of the chemicals present to produce ammonia gas. In a typical example, sodium hydroxide pellets (728 g, 18.2 moles) were dissolved in water (18.2 liters), ammonium chloride (1110 g, 20.75 moles) was then stirred in and dissolved readily, and finally the bactericide 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy diphenyl monosulphide (91 ml of 38-42% solution) was added to produce an aqueous disinfectant solution ready for spraying in poultry houses.
However, the procedure described had the drawback that too much gaseous ammonia was released into the atmosphere. This made it necessary for the operator to use a respirator and also depleted the concentration of ammonia at the surfaces where action on the oocysts was required. For good results the premises had to be sealed during and after application of the disinfectant solution.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of disinfecting premises from coccidial oocysts in which surface to be disinfected is thoroughly wetted with a first aqueous solution of ammonium salt containing approximately 0.5 to 1.5 (preferably 0.8 to 1.0) molar of ammonium together with non-ionic surfanctant and indicator having a colour change in the region pH 8 to pH 10 and the wetted surface is then covered with sufficient of a second aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide containing approximately 0.75 to 2.3 (preferably 1.2 to 1.5) molar of hydroxide together with phenolic bactericide to cause the indicator to change colour on the treated surfaces.
In the method of the invention, ammonia is liberated only at the surface where it is required, and the amount of ambient gaseous ammonia is very much less than in the earlier method. There is a better disinfecting effect against coccidial oocysts, and it is no longer necessary for the opeator to use a respirator.
The molar concentration of hydroxide in the second aqueous solution is preferably significantly greater than the molar concentration of ammonium in the first aqueous solution.
The fact that the ammonia is liberated in situ means that the method of the invention can be used effectively in open-sided livestock premises. The reaction liberating ammonia takes place in the infected sites with minimal loss of ammonia and maximum kill of the oocysts. The surfactant in the first aqueous solution ensures penetration of rough surfaces and cracks where oocysts are to be found. The indicator turns colour when the second aqueous solution comes in contact with surfaces wetted with the
REFERENCES:
patent: 4084747 (1978-04-01), Alliger
McMahon Timothy M.
Richman Barry S.
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