Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Nonhuman animal
Patent
1995-07-31
1998-06-09
Stanton, Brian R.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Nonhuman animal
424 91, 424 92, 435 721, 4351723, 530350, 800DIG1, 800DIG2, 800DIG4, 935 34, 935 53, 935 70, A61K 4900, C12N 500, C12N 1500, C12N 1509
Patent
active
057637407
ABSTRACT:
The invention includes an artificial PrP gene, a transgenic animal containing a PrP gene of another animal or the artificial PrP gene, a hybrid non-human mammal with an ablated endogenous prion gene and exogenous prion gene and assay methodology which uses the animals to detect pathogenic prions in a sample or diagnose a cause of death. The artificial gene includes a sequence such that when it is inserted into the genome of a host animal (such as a mouse), the animal is rendered susceptible to infection with prions which normally would infect only a genetically diverse test animal (such as human, cow or sheep). The artificial PrP gene may be comprised of a completely artificial polynucleotide sequence. Alternatively, the artificial gene may be comprised of the codon sequence of a host animal with one or more codon substitutions being made wherein the substitutions are preferably corresponding PrP gene codons from a genetically diverse test animal. Pathogenic prions in a sample can be detected by injecting the sample to be tested into a transgenic mouse which includes the different codons of the prion protein gene of the animal (e.g. human) in danger of infection from prions in the sample.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5237056 (1993-08-01), Fischbach
Bradley et al., May 1992 "Modifying the mouse: Design and Desire", Biotechnology 10:534-539.
Scott et al., 1992 "Chimeric prion protein expression in cultured cells and transgenic mice", Protein Science 1:986-997.
Bueler et al., Apr. 1992 "Normal development and behavior of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein", Nature 356:577-582.
Bueler, H. et al. 1993. "Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie." Cell 73:1339-47.
Pruisner, S.B. et al. 1993. "Ablation of the prion protein gene (PrP) in mice prevents scrapie and facilitates production of anti-PRP antibodies." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10608-12.
Scott, M. et al. 1993. "Propagation of prions with artificial properties in transgenic mice expressing chimeric PrP genes." Cell 73:979-88.
Basler et al., "Scrapie and Cellular PrP Isoforms Are Encoded by the Same Chromosomal Gene," Cell, (1986) 46:417-28.
Bolton et al., "Identification of a Protein That Purifies with the Scrapie Prion," Science (1982) 218: 1309-11.
Brown et al., "Friendly Fire in Medicine: Hormones, Homografts, and Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease," Lancet (1992) 340: 24-27.
Buchanan et al., "Mortality, Neoplasia, and Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in Patients Treated Human Pituitary Growth Hormone in the United Kingdom", BMJ (1991) 302:824-828.
Bueler et al., "Mice Devoid of PrP are Resistant to Scrapie," Cell (1993) 73:1339-1347.
Bueler et al., "Normal Development and Behavior of Mice Lacking the Neuronal Cell-surface PrP Protein," Nature (1992) 356:577-582.
Carlson et al., "Linkage of Protein and Scrapie Incubation Time Genes," Cell (1986) 46:503-511.
Cochius et al, "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Recipient of Human Pituitary-Derived Gonadotrophin: A Second Case," J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1992) 55:1094-1095.
Cochius et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Recipient of Human Pituitary-Derived Gonadotrophin," Aust. N.Z. J. Med. (1990) 20:592-593.
Collinge et al, "Genetic Predisposition to Latrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease," Lancet (1991) 337:1441-1442.
Gabriel et al., "Molecular Cloning of a Candidate Chicken Prion Protein," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:9097-9101.
Gajdusek, D.C., "Unconventional Viruses and the Orgin and Disappearance of Kuru," Science (1977) 197:943-960.
Gibbs, Jr. et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Infectivity of Growth Hormone Derived from Human Pituitary Glands," N.Engl. J. Med. (1993) 328:358-359.
Goldfarb et al, "Fatal Familial Insomnia and Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Disease Phenotype Determined by a DNA Polymorphism," Science (1992) 258:806-808.
Goldmann et al., "Two Alleles of a Neural Protein Gene Linked to Scrapie in Sheep," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1990) 87:2476-2480.
Goldmann et al., "Different Forms of the Bovine PrP Gene Have Five or Six Copies of a Short, G-C Rich Element within the protein-coding Exon," J. Gen. Virol. (1991) 72:201-204.
Harris et al., "A Prion-Like Protein from Chicken Brain Copurifies with an Acetylcholine Receptor-Inducing Activity," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:7664-7668.
Healy et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease After Pituitary Gonadotrophins: The Prion is the Problem," BMJ (1993) 307:517-518.
Hecker et al., "Replication of Distinct Scrapie Prion Isolates is Region Specific in Brains of Transgenic Mice and Hamsters," Genes Dev. (1992) 6:1213-1228.
Hsaio et al., "Linkage of a Prion Protein Missense Variant to Gerstmann-Straussler Syndrome," Nature (1989) 383:342-345.
Hsaio et al., "A Prion Protein Variant in a Family with the Telencephalic Form of Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker Syndrome," Neurology (1991) 41:681-684.
Hsaio et al., "Inherited human Prion Diseases," Neurology (1990) 40:1820-1827.
Koch et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Young Adult with Idiopathic Hypopituitarism," N. Engl. J. Med. (1985) 313:731-733.
Kretzschmar et al., "Molecular Cloning of a Human Prion Protein cDNA," DNA (1986) 5:315-324.
Kretzschmar et al., "Molecular Cloning of a Mink Prion Protein Gene," J.Gen.Virol. (1992) 73:2757-2761.
Lasmezas et al., "Recombinant Human Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Induce PRP Gene Expression in PC12 Cell," Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun. (1993) 196:1163-1169.
Locht et al., "Molecular Cloning and Complete Sequence of Prion Protein cDNA from Mouse Brain Infected with the Scrapie Agent," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA (1986) 83:6372-6376.
Manuelidis et al., "Serial Propagation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Guinea Pigs," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1976) 73:223-227.
Manuelidis et al., "Interspecies Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease to Syrian Hamsters with Reference to Clinical Syndromes and Strain of Agent," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA (1978) 75:3432-3436.
McKinley et al, "A Protease-Resistant Protein is a Structural Component of the Scrapie Prion," Cell (1983) 35:57-62.
Medori et al., "Fatal Familial Insomnia, a Prion Disease with a Mutation at Codon 178 of the Prion Protein Gene," N. Engl.J. Med. (1992) 326:444-449.
Nisbet et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Second Patient Who Received a Cadaveric Dura mater Graft," J.Am. Med.Assoc. (1989) 261:1118.
Patel, "France Reels at Latest Medical Scandal," New Scientist, Jul. 31, 1993, p. 4.
Patel, "Placenta Donors to be Screened for Brain Disease," New Scientist, Nov. 20, 1993, p. 10.
Prusiner et al., "Ablation of the Prion Protein (PrP) Gene in Mice Prevents Scrapie and Facilitates Production of Anti-PrP Antibodies," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:10608-10612.
Prusiner et al., "Prion Diseases and Neurodegeneration," Ann.Rev.Neurosci. (1994) 17:311-339.
Prusiner et al., "Transgenic Studies Implicate Interactions Between Homologous PrP Isoforms in Scrapie Prion Replication," Cell (1990) 63:673-686.
Prusiner et al., "Molecular Biology of Prion Diseases," Science (1991) 252:1515-1522.
Prusiner et al, "Further Purification and Characterization of Scrapie Prions," Biochemistry (1982) 21:6942-50.
Raeber et al., "Attempts to Convert the Cellular Prion Protein into the Scrapie Isoform in Cell-Free Systems," J. Virol. (1992) 66:6155-6163.
Scott et al, "Propagation of Prions with Artificial Properties in Transgenic Mice Expressing Chimeric PrP Genes," Cell (1993) 73:979-988.
Stahl et al., "Glycolsylinositol Phospholipid Anchors of the Scrapie and Cellular Prion Proteins Contain Sialic Acid," Biochemistry (1992) 31:5043-5053.
Taraboulos et al., "Regional Mapping of Prion Proteins in Brain," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:7620-7624.
Tateishi et al., "Transmission of Chronic Spongiform Encephalopathy with Kuru Plaques from Humans to Small Rodents," Ann.Neurol. (1979) 5:581-584.
Thadani et al., "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Probably Acquired From a Cadaveric Dura Mater Graft," J. Neurosurg. (1988) 69:766-769.
Westaway et al., Homozygosity for Prion Protein Alleles Encoding Glutamine-171 Renders Sheep Susceptible to Natural Scrapie,: Genes Dev. (1994) 8:959-969.
We
Prusiner Stanley B.
Scott Michael R.
Telling Glenn
Bozicevic Karl
Stanton Brian R.
The Regents of the University of California
LandOfFree
Method of detecting prions in a sample and transgenic animal use does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Method of detecting prions in a sample and transgenic animal use, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Method of detecting prions in a sample and transgenic animal use will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2201822