Television – Object tracking
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-03
2004-03-16
Lee, Richard (Department: 2613)
Television
Object tracking
C348S162000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06707488
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
According to traditional ideas, the problem of detecting a moving object lies in the fact that the sensing radiation is reflected by the object to a lesser degree than from the background. The “interfering background” masks the useful signal from the object. This problem also arises if there is no contrast between the object and the background. In addition to this passive noise, target detection is also hindered by purposeful active impact noise “blinding” the locator.
A new approach to detecting low-observable moving targets is described in the following paper, which is incorporated herein by reference:
Anuashvili A. N. “New Principle of Moving Object Image Reception.” CIS
Selected papers: Coherent Measuring and Data Processing Methods and Devices.
Volume 1978, pp.147-155. Published by SPIE—The International Society for
Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Wash. USA, 1993.
In this approach, the traditional noise (i.e., the coherent component of the radiation reflected from a stationary background) is regarded as the source of information about the detected object, and the traditional useful signal (i.e., radiation reflected from the target) is disregarded by being set to zero when processing the recorded radiation. As described herein, “background” is the environment behind the moving object that can reflect radiation. According to the background principle, the signals from a moving object are extracted from the radiation of the background against which the object moves. (In practical applications, the background can be represented by the underlying surface, namely, terrain, ionosphere, sea bottom, etc.). The background principle of detection is based on coherent reception of the sensing radiation scattered by the background and isolation of its coherent component. When a moving object appears, the coherent component decreases, thus signaling the fact of detection. The background principle modifies and complements the traditional ideas about signal and noise. In a conventional detection scheme, the belief is that a signal can be obtained by directly studying the object and that the radiation from the background is noise which should be suppressed. By the background principle, the background radiation is functionally related to the signal, and therefore, one can judge the signal from the functional dependence of the background (noise) on the signal. This is especially important if the radiation scattered by the background (traditional noise) is much greater than the traditional useful signal.
This principle has the potential for developing new systems for detecting and recognizing moving targets independent of its scattering ability and active noise (target may be scattering, absorbing or transparent and background must be scattering). The above-noted paper describes the principle of low-observable moving object image reception and demonstrates some possibilities of its application. The formal description of the theory in the paper is provided in the Appendix below. However, this paper does not propose a technological solution that is necessary for practical realization of the principle.
The present invention provides such a technological solution.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to overcome many of the disadvantages of the prior art systems. Some advantages of the present invention are as follows:
1. Development of a special technological solution (method and system) for moving target detecting and recognizing with high probability, independent of the scattering ability and active noise of the target.
2. Providing a process for recognizing the three-dimensional form of a moving object independent of its scattering ability (e.g., a transparent object).
3. Providing a quickness of moving target detection process by using additional temporal resolution integral coherent and noncoherent channels.
Briefly stated, the present invention is a method for detecting a moving target in an observed environment, the observed environment including the moving target and a scattering background. The method includes the steps of transmitting radiation at the observed environment, receiving radiation from the observed environment, forming temporal resolution channels from both the transmitted and received radiation, coherently mixing the temporal resolution channels and averaging them in time to produce an average integral coherent component channel, forming a non-coherent integral channel from the received radiation, normalizing the average integral coherent component channel using the non-coherent integral channel to produce normalized components, comparing the normalized components among themselves, and determining the presence of the moving target based on the result of the comparison. The presence of the moving target is thereby being determined at least in part by the radiation received from the scattering background.
In another aspect, the present invention is system for detecting a moving target in an observed environment. The observed environment includes the moving target and a scattering background. The system includes a transmitter which directs radiation at the observed environment, at least one receiver which detects back scattered radiation from the observed environment, a mixer which generates an average integral coherent component channel by coherently mixing temporal resolution channels formed from both the transmitted and received radiation and averaging the temporal resolutions channels in time, and an analyzer which normalizes the average integral coherent component channel using a non-coherent integral channel formed from the received radiation and compares the normalized components among themselves. The analyzer determines the presence of the moving target based on the result of the comparison. The presence of the moving target is thereby being determined at least in part by the radiation received from the scattering background.
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Anuashvili A.N. “New Principle of Moving Object Image Reception” CIS Selected papers: Coherent Measuring and Data Processing Methods and Devices. vol. 1978, pp. 147-155. Published by SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington, USA, 1993.
Anuashvili Avtandil N.
Kabir Nowshade
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