Method of controlling the milking of an animal and a milking mac

Details Method of controlling the milking of an animal and a milking mac Method of controlling the milking of an animal and a milking mac

1998-01-22

2000-01-04

Price, Thomas

Animal husbandry

Milkers

Methods of milking

A01J 5007

Patent

active

060098325

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of milking an animal with a desired milking intensity by a milking machine having at least one teatcup with a teatcup liner and a pulsation chamber, the method comprising applying the teatcup to a teat of the animal, and applying a milking vacuum to the interior of the teatcup liner and a pulsating vacuum to the pulsation chamber so that the teatcup liner cyclically moves between a substantially open and a substantially closed position in a series of pulsation cycles. Moreover the invention relates to a milking machine comprising at least one teatcup having a teatcup liner and a pulsation chamber, a vacuum source for generating a milking vacuum in the interior of the teatcup liner and a pulsator provided to alternately connect the pulsation chamber to the atmosphere and to said vacuum source for generating a pulsating vacuum in the pulsation chamber to produce a pulsating movement of the teatcup liner between a substantially open and a substantially closed position.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Traditionally the milking machine comprises a cluster having a claw and four teatcups, each teatcup having a shell and a teatcup liner provided in the shell to form a pulsation chamber between the teatcup liner and the shell. During milking the interior of the teatcup liner is subjected to a milking vacuum, i.e. a low pressure of normally about 50 kPa under atmospheric pressure. There are also milking machines working under high pressure conditions, whereby the low pressure might be above atmospheric pressure. The pulsation chamber is subjected to a cyclically pulsating vacuum normally varying between atmospheric pressure, when the teatcup liner is collapsed or closed, and a maximum vacuum level when the teatcup liner is fully open. The maximum pulsating vacuum level is normally a low pressure level of 50 kPa under atmospheric pressure, i.e. equal to the milking vacuum level. This means that the pressure difference across the wall of the teatcup liner is essentially equal to zero when the teatcup liner is fully open.
The pulsating vacuum demonstrates a pulsation cycle which may be divided into four phases, i.e. (a) an opening phase during which the pulsating vacuum increases from atmospheric pressure to normally about the milking vacuum level and the teatcup liner moves from a closed position to an open position, (b) an open phase during which the pulsating vacuum has reached its maximum level and is essentially equal to the milking vacuum level and the teatcup liner is in an open position, (c) a closing phase during which the pulsating vacuum decreases from about the milking vacuum level to the atmospheric pressure and the teatcup liner moves from the open position to the closed position, and finally (d), a closed phase during which the pulsating vacuum is equal to the atmospheric pressure and the teatcup liner is in a closed position. The time relations between the open and the closed positions are defined in the pulsator ratio. The opening and the closing of the teatcup liner during phase (a) and (c), respectively comprises a very fast and abrupt movement of the teatcup liner. From a closed position, i.e. opposite wall portions of the teatcup liner touch each other, as the pulsating vacuum increases the teatcup liner remains essentially closed until it at a certain pulsating vacuum level, the so called TPD (touch pressure difference), starts to open abruptly to the so called CCPD (critical collapse pressure difference) at which level the teatcup liner is fully open, i.e. said opposite wall portions of the teatcup liner are spaced apart from each other. From the point of time when the pulsating vacuum exceeds the CCPD-level the teatucp liner thus is essentially open and a further increase of the pulsating vacuum only results in an insignificant further opening of the teatcup liner.
Each milking may be divided into four periods, i.e. (I) the initial stimulation or massage period, (II) the main flow period, (III) the

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