Internal-combustion engines – Adjustable combustion chamber – Piston in head adjusted
Patent
1983-04-28
1985-09-10
Koczo, Michael
Internal-combustion engines
Adjustable combustion chamber
Piston in head adjusted
123316, 123202, F02D 1504
Patent
active
045399468
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method of controlling the combustion cycle in an internal combustion piston engine in which a gaseous working medium is compressed, is combusted and performs work, and in which the compression ratio is varied during operation.
The invention also relates to the design of a combustion engine.
In a conventional combustion engine, the amount of gaseous working medium used in the engine in each cycle will vary with the throttle opening and the engine speed, for example. Since the compression ratio is not changed, this will result in the compression pressure varying with the operating conditions for the engine. Consequently, the thermo efficiency of the engine will vary under varying operating conditions. Since the efficiency is generally optimized for high r.p.m. and large throttle opening, this means that the average efficiency will be low.
It is also known, by German Patent Specification No. 536 930 for example, to vary the compression during operation. As in conventional combustion engines however, all of the working medium drawn in is compressed. The air/fuel ratio will thus vary under operating conditions, and therefore the engine will not have an optimum average efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is to achieve a combustion engine with improved efficiency under varying operating conditions.
This is achieved according to the invention by regulating the amount of working medium by allowing the engine to draw in a maximum amount of working medium corresponding to full gas operation, of which a portion is then allowed to flow out again without being compressed and of which an amount proportional to the current load is retained and compressed, and that the compression ratio is regulated as a function of the amount of working medium retained so that substantially the same compression pressure is obtained under varying operating conditions.
In an internal combustion piston engine provided with at least one chamber in which there is a first movable member by means of which the gaseous working medium is compressed and after combustion performs work, and in which there is a second movable member for setting the compression ratio, the position of said second movable member being controlled by a control means, this is achieved by said chamber having at least one spill flow valve, the open-time of which is variable as a function of the current load of the engine to make possible, prior to compression, spilling out of a portion of the maximum amount of working medium introduced into the chamber, and that the control means is arranged to set the second movable member in such a position, as a function of the retained amount of working medium corresponding to the current engine load, that the compression pressure is essentially the same under varying operating conditions.
In contrast to what is the case in the prior art, the invention adapts the working volume of the engine to the current requirement. By virtue of the fact that the engine according to the invention operates under full gas conditions even at reduced load, improved efficiency is made possible. This contributes to an improved total efficiency for the engine according to the invention.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following with the aid of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an engine according to the invention with a reciprocating piston,
FIG. 2 shows an engine according to the invention with a rotating piston,
FIG. 3 shows a section through a setting means,
FIG. 4 shows a view of the setting means in FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 shows a p-V diagram with various work curves, and
FIG. 6 shows torque curves.
A combustion engine 1, only partially illustrated in FIG. 1, of the type with reciprocating pistons, has a number of chambers 2 of which only one is shown in the figure. In each such chamber there is a first movable member 3, in the form of a reciprocating piston, which is in its upper dead center position in the drawing. In the chamber 2 there is also a second movable member 4 which is i
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patent: 906177 (1908-12-01), Westinghouse
patent: 1106210 (1914-08-01), Halterman
patent: 1429164 (1922-09-01), Ramsey
patent: 1680710 (1928-08-01), Wall
patent: 2120012 (1938-06-01), Andreau
patent: 2375183 (1945-04-01), Arden
patent: 3919986 (1975-11-01), Goto
patent: 4286552 (1981-09-01), Tsutsumi
Koczo Michael
McGlew, Jr. John J.
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