Chemistry of inorganic compounds – Miscellaneous process
Patent
1988-03-01
1991-04-16
Straub, Gary P.
Chemistry of inorganic compounds
Miscellaneous process
423240, 423488, 423DIG20, 431 8, 432 22, 110238, 110260, 110305, 110345, F23C 500, F27B 322, C01B 700, F23G 700
Patent
active
050080989
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to combustion neutralization of liquid waste products.
PRIOR ART
Known in the art are different methods of combustion neutralization of liquid waste products containing organo-halide compounds including polychlorinated biphenyls, said methods being realized at sea on specially equipped vessels or in furnaces for combustion of industrial waste products. Neutralization is performed by spraying liquid products into a high-temperature stream of fuel combustion products or by burning waste products if they possess high combustibility. A high-temperature treatment of sprayed waste products results in the evaporation of their water fraction and in oxidation of the organic phase with the formation of predomonantly gaseous products, namely, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O. Chlorine present in the waste products being neutralized transforms into HCl and Cl.sub.2 at high temperature which causes contamination of the atmosphere or water area (see the abstract journal "Khimia", No. 24, 1985, VINITI, Moscow, Firnheaber Rolf Bodo, "Verbrennung auf hoher See", p. 253-256, abstract No. 24U917 "Umwelt", 1985, No. 3, and the abstract journal "Khimia" No. 19, 1980, VINITI, Moscow, Grayson J. "Incineration burns away waste disposal problems", abstract No. 19U657, Process Eng., 1980.
The known method of combustion neutralization of halide-containing liquid waste products is disadvantageous in that secondary toxic gaseous compounds HCl and Cl.sub.2 are discharged into the atmosphere with exhaust gases, an additional purification being required for neutralization of said secondary toxic compounds with the use of complex refineries.
At present for combustion neutralization of halide-containing liquid waste products use is made of the method including preparation of a mixture of the above waste products with an alkali reagent, subsequent introduction of the mixture in the form of a spray into a high-temperature stream of the fuel combustion products, and removal of the exhaust gases (SU, A, 1101623).
To realize the above method use is made of a disintegrator in which mixing of liquid waste products with an alkali reagent is performed, said alkali reagent being taken in 10-30% excess over the stoichiometric amount required for the formation of the corresponding salts (for instance, NaCl, CaCl.sub.2).
Besides, a furnace is used into which a fuel-air mixture is fed.
Combustion of the fuel results in the formation of a combustion product stream having a temperature of 1400.degree.-1700.degree. C. The mixture obtained in the disintegrator is introduced into the above flow. When sprayed drops of the mixture of waste products with the alkali reagent contact high-temperature products of fuel combustion, the water fraction of the waste products evaporates, the organic fraction of the waste products decomposes and oxidizes to nontoxic gaseous compounds, namely, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, and N.sub.2, and halogens pass into neutral salts due to the above mixing of liquid waste products with the alkali reagent.
The above method is essentially disadvantageous in that the exhaust gases entrap high-toxic organohalide compounds, for instance, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzidioxines, which is observed upon combustion neutralization of waste products containing high-molecular polycyclic aromatic halocarbons. Although concentration of organohalide compounds in the exhaust gases is insignificant, the presence of organohalide compounds in the atmosphere is impermissible since maximum allowable concentration of the above compounds is extremely low.
The discharge of toxic organohalides in the course of realization of the known method is caused by a partial pyrolysis of the initial compounds contained in liquid products during thermal treatment and by an incomplete decomposition of organohalides.
In addition, molecular (free) halogen formed together with gaseous acids in chemical reactions which proceed in a high-temperature zone of the flow of the fuel combustion products undergoes only incomplete transformat
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patent: 4073871 (1978-02-01), Opitz et al.
patent: 4198384 (1980-04-01), Robinson
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Obzornaya Informatsia Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Instituta Tekhniko-Ekonomicheskikh Issledovany Niitekhim, 1977.
Bernadiner Mikhail
Zhizhin Vladimir V.
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