Cleaning and liquid contact with solids – Processes – Including regeneration – purification – recovery or separation...
Patent
1989-12-04
1992-05-19
McFarlane, Anthony
Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
Processes
Including regeneration, purification, recovery or separation...
134 10, 134 251, 134 42, B08B 704
Patent
active
051144964
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the art of cleaning workpieces from process impurities, and more particularly to cleaning workpieces from petroleum products and mechanical impurities and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
The invention can find application for cleaning the surface of workpieces from petroleum, vegetable and animal oils, pastes, conservants, lubricating and cooling liquids, and other process contaminants hereinafter referred to as petroleum products and mechanical impurities.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The modern production technology involves a range of auxiliary materials including petroleum, vegetable and animal oils, pastes, conservants, lubricating and cooling liquids, etc. They tend to remain at the surface of the workpieces and necessitate cleaning prior to assembly operations or application of protective coatings. Used as cleaning agents are hydrocarbon solvents, chlor- and/or fluorine-containing hydrocarbon solvents, aqueous solutions of electrolytes, surface-active substances, and compounds based thereon. After cleaning these substances carrying impurities are discharged to the outside in the form of industrial sewage, vapours, combusted still residues, and slime. The cost of the thus irrevocably lost chemical substances and the damage to the environment are enormously high.
There is known a method of cleaning workpieces (cf., SU, A, 1,093,732) which includes treating the surface of workpieces with aqueous solutions containing surface-active substances and activating agents, such as ammonium perfulfate, monoethanolamine phosphate, sulfamic acid, oxalic acid, naphthalene sulfonates, and water. The used solutions are regenerated by settling, removing petroleum products floated to the surface of the solution, and filtering the mechanical impurities.
In this method regeneration of the used solution resides only in settling and filtering nonhomogeneous systems. The used solvent contaminated with soluble impurities is not regenerated. Therefore, aqueous solutions, organic solvents and petroleum products are discharged to the outside.
There is also known a method of cleaning the surface of workpieces from petroleum products and mechanical impurities (cf., SU, A, 541,857) residing in that the workpieces to be cleaned are preliminarily heated to 60.degree. C., and washed with a composition containing white spirit, hydroxyethylated alkylphenols or fatty alcohol, water, sodium alkylsulfonate and diesel fuel. Therewith, the workpiece is held at a temperature 50.degree.-60.degree. C. for 10-15 minutes and thereafter washed with an aqueous solution heated to 60.degree. C. and containing 0.1-3.0% tripolyphosphate and 0.1-1% hydroxyethylated alkylphenols. Regeneration of the used solution is carried out by heating it to 80.degree.-90.degree. C., after which the floating petroleum product is separated, and the aqueous solution of the washing composition is repeatedly used for successive cleaning procedures.
However, in the course of cleaning workpieces the solvent tends to partially react with the washed impurities. Petroleum products, fats and solid mechanical impurities periodically released from the process contain the solvent and substances resulting from chemical reaction thereof with impurities, and therefore are subject to concealment.
The aqueous phase saturated with soluble ingredients of the petroleum products is also concealed.
There is further known a method of cleaning the surface of workpieces contaminated with compositions of organic matter (cf;, SU, A,957,672). The method includes treating the workpiece surfaces with polyfluorinated ethers or volatile chlor- and/or fluorine-containing alkanes with admixture of perfluoroalcohols, perfluoroethers, perfluoracids in an amount of 0.02-1 mass percent. Volatile solvents act to spread the dissolved substance at the surface and, while evaporating at a fast rate, remove (disperse) the film of petroleum product from the surface. The amount of the composition consumed is several cu. cm per 100 square inches of surf
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Bakhmutov Jury L.
Bordunov Vladimir V.
Cherepenko Evgeny A.
Fedjunin Vladimir A.
Karmadonov Leonid N.
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