Power plants – Fluid motor means driven by waste heat or by exhaust energy... – With supercharging means for engine
Patent
1996-10-28
1999-02-16
Koczo, Michael
Power plants
Fluid motor means driven by waste heat or by exhaust energy...
With supercharging means for engine
F02B 3700
Patent
active
058708936
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICS DOMAIN
The invention relates to energy-transforming plants, namely relates to piston internal combustion engines (ICE), in which the energy of cylinder exhausted gases is used to compress fresh charges of air.
BACKGROUND
The analysis of ICE shows that the parameters of its working process are not sufficiently high. In particular, they are 10-20 times lower than the parameters of steam engines. The maximum pressures of working substance for ICE and steam engine are comparative, but the mean effective pressure related to the working stroke equals about 10 kg/cm.sup.2, and when related to volume displacement in a four-stroke working process equals only 2.5 kg/cm.sup.2. For a steam engine this characteristic reaches 50 kg/cm.sup.2.
The second substantial drawback of ICE is the incompatibility of the initial and final parameters of working substance. If at the beginning of compression, the pressure is equal 1 kg/cm.sup.2 and the temperature is equal 300K, then at the end of the process, i.e. during the discharge of exhaust gases in atmosphere, the pressure reaches 6 kg/cm.sup.2 and the temperature 1700K. When having such parameters there are great output losses of energy, substantial environment pollution and a complicated problem to silence exhaust noise of the engine operation.
The third essential drawback of ICE is the imperfection of the working substance compression process. It should be noted that the energy to compress a working substance is taken from the working gases, i.e. there is an exchange of thermodynamic energy between the working gases and the air being compressed before a combustion of fuel in it. The losses peculiar to ICE mechanism arise because of this energy exchange, and these losses are doubled because the mechanical energy obtained from the working gases travels from a piston bottom to a flywheel and then back.
The fourth drawback of majority of ICE is the discrepancy from an ideal compression process, which must proceed at first with intensive cooling and then at a second phase the adiabatically. Partly, the regulation of a heat transfer is realized by ceramic inserts, which insulate the cylinder walls and combustion chamber. Nevertheless, these inserts do not provide the intensive heat transfer at the first phase of a compression and improve only compression conditions at the second phase.
There are many various technical solutions in which the gases obtained as a result of air-fuel mixture combustion in ICE cylinder are used after their expansion in cylinders to increase the pressure of a fresh charge. For example, the invention according to author certificate of the USSR #1677358, 1989 "The method of the regulation of a diesel engine having turbo supercharge and the diesel engine" besides usage of exhaust gases in a supercharge turbo compressor plant, at partial load it uses such measures as to shut off the group of cylinders from the fuel supply, to change the scheme of the air-gas path by means of valves while shutting out the receiver and to use the shut off group of cylinders for the compressing of a fresh charge delivered to the operating group of cylinders.
This solution increases the efficiency of the engine when operating on partial regimes, but the exhaust losses reduce substantially the thermodynamic efficiency.
There are some technical solutions in which the thermodynamic processes in ICE are optimized, for example the solution described in author certificate N 1806282, 1989 "The method of four-stroke internal combustion engine operation with disconnectable cylinders" suggest to carry out the fresh charge compression twice, while after the first compression the air is cooled thus bringing the process nearer to isothermal process, and after the second compression the air is heated before delivery into operating cylinders.
Nevertheless, the improvement of the fresh charge compression process in this technical solution is carried out only for partial regimes, thus preventing to improve noticeably the efficiency of the fuel use, to obtain a principally new engine
REFERENCES:
patent: 1593571 (1926-07-01), Curtis
patent: 3257797 (1966-06-01), Lieberherr
patent: 3712280 (1973-01-01), Brille et al.
patent: 4211082 (1980-07-01), Bristol
patent: 4633671 (1987-01-01), Schatz
patent: 5076248 (1991-12-01), Schatz
Simand Simon
Starodetko Evgeny Alexandrovich
Starodetko Georgy Evgenievich
Starodetko Konstantin Evgenievich
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