Plant husbandry – Process
Patent
1998-12-22
2000-09-26
Carone, Michael J.
Plant husbandry
Process
47 9, C09K 1720, C09K 1722
Patent
active
061228605
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The teaching according to the present invention relates to an improvement in and extension of the teaching disclosed in DE-A1 43 24 474 and in earlier German patent application P 44 28 269.9 relating to the surface stabilization of sand and/or soil--hereinafter also referred to as soil. These documents describe modifications of the process known per se for securing at least temporary stabilization by application and introduction of selected aqueous polymer preparations to and into the surface of soil layers susceptible to erosion. The water present in the impregnating agent introduced dries in a comparatively short time and the polymer phase left behind stabilizes the granular and/or clay-like structure of the impregnated soil without unduly affecting the permeability of these layers to water. The surface stabilization in question is not confined to soil in the narrower sense. The corresponding stabilization of other surface regions which have to be protected against wind erosion, for example, is also encompassed by the teaching according to the invention. Examples of such surface regions include rubbish dumps and/or waste tips with or without a covering of topsoil or other protective layers. However, grass-covered areas for example, which are exposed to fairly severe mechanical and/or climatic influences, are also susceptible to erosion. Examples of corresponding grass-covered areas are to be found in leisure facilities, such as golf courses with their well-trodden fairways and tees, fields for ball games, such as football, handball and the like. Grassed surfaces such as these are often susceptible to the well-known "dry spots" which are more vulnerable to the effects of weathering. Similar problems are also caused, for example, by wet, heavily compacted soil or by the formation of so-called "thatch" which prevents water applied from reaching the root layer and, hence, leads to the formation of undernourished dry areas which in turn become the starting point for erosion.
Development and practice have been concerned for decades with the concept on which the present invention is also based of applying synthetic polymers capable of bonding particulate solids to one another to the surfaces to be stabilized in the form of aqueous dispersions or emulsions and drying them on those surfaces in such a way that the stabilized soil is guaranteed adequate permeability to water. Particular practical significance is attributed in this regard to aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersions (also referred to hereinafter as PVAc dispersions), cf. for example A. Kullmann et al. in Arch. Acker-Pflanzenbau Bodenkd., 22(11), 713-19. In addition to polyvinyl acetate, the following are described as useful binders: butadiene/styrene latex, a urea/formaldehyde polymer and a bitumen emulsion. The corresponding stabilization of dune sand against the effects of rain is the subject of an article by D. Gabriels et al. (Univ. Ghent, Belgium) in Soil Sci., 118(5), 332-8. This publication also mentions a binder system based on polyvinyl acetate among the preferred binders. So far as the other works carried out worldwide are concerned, reference is made purely by way of example to certain patents, cf. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,072,020, 3,887,506, HU 11 654 and ZA 7501787.
The list of requirements and problems involved in soil stabilization is extremely diverse. Without any claim to completeness, many of the properties required in practice are listed in the following: the material should be resistant at least to pedestrian traffic; it should not be affected by the particular temperatures prevailing, by atmospheric moisture or by rain (for the particular period of time envisaged); it should also be resistant to high wind speeds. The material to be applied should be non-inflammable and should not represent a fire risk or exposure risk during storage and also during and after use. Its transport and application should not require any particular safety measures or the wearing of protective clothing. The cured polymeric impregnation
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Boettcher Heinz
Burbach Frank
Herold Claus-Peter
Mueller Heinz
Von Tapavicza Stefan
Carone Michael J.
Drach John E.
Gellner Jeffrey L.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
J. Murphy Glenn E.
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