Specialized metallurgical processes – compositions for use therei – Processes – Electrothermic processes
Patent
1983-11-25
1984-11-13
Rosenberg, Peter D.
Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therei
Processes
Electrothermic processes
75 65EB, 1642501, C22B 400
Patent
active
044823762
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a national phase application corresponding to PCT/RO-81/00006 filed Oct. 9, 1981 and based upon Romanian National application Ser. No. 102,590 filed Nov. 14, 1980.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process and apparatus for melting and pouring highly-reactive and high-melting metals and alloys.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Until now in order to melt and pour strongly reactive and high-melting metals and alloys, vacuum consumable-electrode arc furnaces and electron beam furnaces have been used.
Vacuum consumable-electrode arc furnaces have, besides their well-known advantages a series of disadvantages for melting and pouring strongly reactive and high-melting metals and alloys, namely: great difficulty in producing high temperatures, the need to replace consumed electrode stubs with ready-made electrodes, great difficulty in controlling the melting process, and complex vacuum-tight installations.
Electron beam furnaces also have a number of disadvantages: they require separate chambers for producing the electron beam and for the melting and pouring process; they require two complex vacuum installations (capable of sustaining vacuums to 10.sup.-5 torr) corresponding to the two chambers; the electromagnetic focussing of the electron beam is very complicated and considerable losses through evaporation occur because of the high vacuum.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to obviate the disadvantages mentioned above and yet provide the very high temperatures required for melting high-melting alloys, a uniformly space distribution of temperature allowing the melting of a large quantity of alloy, and avoidance of substantial evaporation losses due to high working pressure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The installation according to this invention removes the disadvantages mentioned above, using a plasma electron source, in that the electron beam and the melting and pouring process are produced at the same place, at pressures of 10.sup.-2 torr, the beam being focussed through a geometry suitable for the cathode, also allowing compensation of the heat losses at crucible edge, and obtaining a low temperature gradient at the molten bath surface, thus facilitating forming of the molten metal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The sole FIGURE of the drawing is a diagrammatic cross section through an apparatus embodying the invention
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
The installation for melting and pouring highly reactive and high-melting metals and alloys is shown in the drawing and comprises an air-excluding enclosure adapted to sustain pressures of 10.sup.-1 -10.sup.-2 torr. The enclosure contains a plasma electron source 1.0, a tiltable crucible 2.0 with graphite radial (cylindrical) shield 2.1 and ceramic axial shield 2.2, a bay for pouring molds 3.0 closed with a valve 3.1, a pouring gate 4.0 thereabove a centrifuging device 5.0 which also internally closes the bay 3.0 a device 6.0 for feeding materials and a bay 7.0 with pneumatically driven valves 7.1 for the materials.
The basic sequence involves loading with materials, melting and pouring, preparation and replacement of pouring moulds, one after another, but taking place independently one from the other. Thus the material to be melted and poured, in the form of pieces with maximum sizes of .phi.50.times.50 mm is introduced into the gate of the materials bay 7.0 from which, via the opening of valves and application of pressure it is first lowered into the intermediary chamber of the bay where it can be vacuum washed and then into the rotary gate of the feeder device for 6.0, that introduces the material into the crucible and retracts for the following batches; in continuous working condition all the levels of the bay and the feeder gate 6.0 are filled with materials that are thus kept in vacuum washing conditions.
The melting process according to a suitable technological diagram starts with drive of plasma electron source.
After bringing the material to the pouring temperature,
REFERENCES:
patent: 3005859 (1961-10-01), Candidus
patent: 3342250 (1967-09-01), Treppschuh
patent: 3519059 (1970-07-01), Voskoboinikov
patent: 3658119 (1972-04-01), d'Hunt
patent: 3736124 (1973-05-01), Paton
Revue Roumaine de Physique, Tome 25, 1980, No. 9, (pp. 1005-1013).
Vacumm Metallurgy, Chapter 5, (pp. 592-643).
Asultanei Alexandru
Balaceanu Mihai
Bucur Grigore
Ceausescu Nicu
Oproiu Margareta
Dubno Herbert
Institutul De Cercetare Stiintifica, Inginerie Tehnologica Si Pr
Rosenberg Peter D.
Ross Karl F.
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