Induced nuclear reactions: processes – systems – and elements – Testing – sensing – measuring – or detecting a fission reactor... – Gas sensors
Patent
1987-05-06
1989-10-17
Behrend, Harvey E.
Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
Testing, sensing, measuring, or detecting a fission reactor...
Gas sensors
250339, 250343, G21C 1700, G01J 100
Patent
active
048745723
ABSTRACT:
Apparatus and method determine the concentration of an individual component, such as water vapor, of a multi-component mixture, such as a gaseous mixture for cooling a nuclear reactor. A hygrometer apparatus includes an infrared source for producing a broadband infrared energy beam that includes a strong water vapor absorption band and a weak water vapor absorption region. The beam is chopped to select infrared pulses. A temporally first pulse has a wavelength in the weakly absorbing region, a temporally second pulse has a wavelength in the strong band and a temporally third pulse has a wavlength in the weakly absorbing region. A fourth reference pulse representing background radiation is interposed in such chopped pulses. An indium arsenide infrared sensor is responsive to the pulses for generating an output signal in proportion to: ##EQU1## where N1 is proportional to the transmission through the sample of the first signal, N4 is related to the background radiation, and [K2 (N2-N4)+K3 (N3-N4)] is the time-weighted average of the transmission through the sample of the second and third pulses applicable at the time of the second pulse, with the reference pulse N4 being subtracted in each case to render the ratio independent of variations in the background radiation.
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L. D. Nelson, "Non-Contact Sensing of Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity, & Supersaturation", American Meterological Society-Preprints Volume for Conference on Cloud Physics, (Chicago, IL, Nov. 15-18, 1982).
Cerni Todd A.
Nelson Loren D.
Behrend Harvey E.
Ophir Corporation
Wasil Daniel
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