Internal-combustion engines – Multiple cylinder
Patent
1990-10-31
1992-08-25
Okonsky, David A.
Internal-combustion engines
Multiple cylinder
123306, 123430, 123 76, F02M 3510
Patent
active
051409526
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of improving the operation of an engine and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A drawback with engines used at present is that some of the gases already burned during the preceding power stroke remain in the cylinder space, which is liable to impair efficiency since there is no combustion of gases already burned. Furthermore, during the flushing of a cylinder space, some of the fuel-and-air mixture may find its way into the exhaust manifold which causes an increase in the consumption of fuel.
One solution for improving the operation of an internal combustion engine is disclosed in the publication DE-OS 19 20 751. This publication describes an apparatus for preventing the passage of fuel-and-air mixture through the outlet valve into the outlet duct during an induction stroke. The apparatus includes an air pipe, which is fitted in the intake manifold and from which branches an air duct to the base of each inlet valve. The air issuing from this air duct provides a flushing effect as the inlet valve and outlet valve are simultaneously open. However, the apparatus disclosed in the above publication is constructionally unreliable in providing a satisfactory flushing action. In addition, the cited publication does not take into consideration all possiblities for the operation of an engine achieved by means of air filling or the like.
The following is a list of the most essential features in terms of the operation of an engine for the passage of fuel-air-air-mixture:
The burned gases must be removed as thoroughly as possible from the cylinder space prior to passing a fuel-and-air mixture into the cylinder space
during the flushing no fuel-and-air mixture can be allowed to pass into the exhaust pipe,
filling of the cylinder space must be as complete as possible regardless of the running speed,
the simultaneous open condition or overlap results in increased filling and thus increased power,
cooling of the valves and cylinders by means of air increases the filling. In theory, this can be derived from the equation magnitude of coefficient .delta. is 1/273.degree. C..sup.-1. This leads to a conclusion that, when heated to 273.degree. C., the volume of gas expands to double, and
the complete combustion of fuel with excess air produces cleaner exhaust gases. This decreases especially the amount of the oxides of nitrogen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a solution for achieving the above-mentioned properties and at the same time for eliminating the drawbacks of the prior art. In order to achieve this object, a method of the invention is essentially characterized in that an air filling or the like is introduced into an inlet duct or the like prior to the start of an induction stroke in a manner that the air filling is first in the inlet duct immediately upstream of an inlet valve and that at least some of the air filling or the like is introduced into the cylinder space while the outlet valve is closed.
Thus, it is possible, although not necessary, that a method disclosed in the publication DE-OS 19 20 751 be applied as a part of the method of the invention in the sense that, at the start of an induction stroke, the inlet valve and outlet valve are simultaneously open for a while. Thus, a portion of the air filling or the like can be reserved for flushing the cylinder space and this portion is intended to discharge through at least one outlet valve. The at least one outlet valve is closed before the entire air filling is discharged, some of the air filling remaining in the cylinder space into which a fuel-and-air mixture is passed after the air filling. The air filling or a portion thereof is sucked to above a piston in the cylinder space and thus the explosive fuel-and-air mixture lies on top of this layer of air. At the moment of explosion, the layer of air on top of a piston in the cylinder space guarantees a complete combustion and, hence, cleaner exhaust gases.
The method is d
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Suominen Brita
Suominen Lauri
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