Solid material comminution or disintegration – Processes – With heating or cooling of material
Patent
1994-07-27
1996-05-07
Eley, Timothy V.
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Processes
With heating or cooling of material
241 2418, 241 29, 241 65, 241 79, 2411522, 241236, 241DIG38, B02C 2100, B02C 2310, B02C 2318
Patent
active
055138071
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the US national phase of PCT application PCT/EP93/00139 filed 22 Jan. 1993 with a claim to the priorities of German applications P 42 02 095.6, P 42 20 665.0, and P 42 27 308.0 respectively filed 27 Jan. 1992, 24 Jun. 1992 and 18 Aug. 1992.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for collecting and treating refuse containing stretched plastics according to the following steps: in a first comminution stage to a volume-reduced particle mixture; comminution stage to subject it to a selective heating to the relaxation temperature of a part of the stretched plastics in the particle mixture and this targeted plastic part is thus reduced in volume and embrittled; sorted and at least a further fraction of unshrunk particles of one or more other types of plastics along with a remaining fraction of foreign material such as paper etc., is subjected to a comminution into cut particles and specific separating and sorting apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Japanese patent document 61-94705 describes a method of regenerating and recycling polystyrol granules from refuse containing polystyrene foam, where this refuse is heated enough that it almost melts, thereby reducing its volume substantially and greatly condensing it so that the material can be comminuted in a crusher. A modifier containing anorganic components such as lime or clay, aluminum hydroxide, wood chips, rubber, or plastic is mixed with polystyrene granules or polystyrene-resin powder. The mixture is pelletized by means of an extruder to recover polystyrene resin. This process is extraordinarily expensive and produces a very mixed end product whose further use is very limited in particular because of the high costs of the treatment method.
Japanese patent document 21-1307 describes an apparatus for improving the quality of a reusable product of foamed polystyrene refuse. The refuse is cut by electrically heated wires into small pieces and these are dropped for shrinking into a container where they are defoamed with low-pressure steam at a temperature between 120.degree. and 160.degree. C. and pressures between 3 and 6 bar and are reduced in volume. Then the product is fed to a mill and is ground to particles with a particle size between 10 and 30 mm.
German patent document 1,268,813 describes a machine for mixing and plastifying thermoplastic resins which has a mixing drum provided with a fast-moving mixer and in which the plastification takes place exclusively from the frictional heat generated in the mixer. The mixing machine is provided with a comminuter for polyvinyl chloride films or for particular polyvinyl chloride refuse. A selective comminution of refuse containing different types of plastics is not possible with this machine.
The publication "Kunststoffe" (80; 1990, 3, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1990, page 310) discusses the direct recycling of refuse during the manufacture of films." It states that production is not possible without refuse. It is therefore important to act directly on production refuse before it has a chance to get dirty. With plastic film this is particularly important because the production costs are largely dominated by the material costs. The possibility of recycling edge trimmings and rejected film is described in the cited passage. This procedure relates to a particular type of refuse recycling intimately related to the production of plastic films. This makes it to a degree possible to seek a machine solution and is therefore not applicable to the recycling of unsorted and partly dirty plastic refuse as is produced in the sector of private households and chain businesses and the like in connection with packaging trash.
British patent document 1,313,203 describes a method and apparatus for condensing particles of plastic foam. They are fed onto a vibrating cold surface which moves them through a heating area so that they collapse and partially fuse together but do not stick to the transport surface. The cooked-together ma
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Dubno Herbert
Eley Timothy V.
Fleischhauer Rosa Emilia
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