Geometrical instruments – Straight-line light ray type – Alignment device
Patent
1990-10-17
1992-10-27
Will, Thomas B.
Geometrical instruments
Straight-line light ray type
Alignment device
33338, 104 72, E01B 2904
Patent
active
051578409
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
A method of determining the position of a track 1 for placing the track 1 to a desired position, wherein the deviation of the actual position of the track 1 from the desired position of the track 1 in a determined set of coordinates at a predetermined point of the track in the longitudinal direction thereof is determined in at least one direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the track 1 by measuring, by means of at least one survey line 11; 11' going through a point of reference A having a known position in said set of coordinates, the deviation of the position of a measuring point C determined to be positioned at a determined point relative to the track 1 in the transverse direction thereof at said longitudinal point of the track 1 from the calculated position of a hypothetical point D positioned at a corresponding point relative to the track 1 in the desired position of the track.
The invention is further concerned with an equipment comprising means for determining a survey line 11; 11' and a measuring device 6; 6', 27 and calculating means 20 for measuring and calculating differences between the positions of a measuring point C and a hypothetical point D.
Due to travelling comfort and increased speeds, requirements on the quality of railroad tracks and the like have increased, wherefore the maintenance of tracks has increasingly been carried out by accurate surveying techniques.
As used in the present application and claims, the term "track" refers to the whole formed by rails, switches and crossings of rails attached to an underlying structure such as railway sleepers.
A so called fixed point technique is an accurate survey technique in common use. When applied in the repair of tracks, this technique comprises mapping out the transverse position of the track with regard to its longitudinal position in relation to a theoretical position by measuring its position with respect to a straight survey line going through two positionally determined points in the track, whereby the displacement of the track into a theoretical or desired position in connection with the repair is carried out on the basis of the difference between these values.
Manual fixed point techniques include the measuring of the track with a binocular-surveying rod system between two known points on the track. This is carried out in such a manner that the binocular is positioned on the track at a known point, and the surveying rod is positioned at another known point on the track. Thereafter the binocular is directed to the surveying rod and locked in place, whereby the survey line goes from the binocular to the surveying rod and remains fixedly in place. The surveying rod is then moved along the track and any deviations of the track from the survey line are read at uniform intervals both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction.
This technique can also be applied with a so called improved relative method. The term "relative method" refers to a method wherein the survey lines of a track repair machine move with the machine, distance being measured in relation to these survey lines both for the lifting and the sideward displacement of the track. The forward end as well as the backward end of these survey lines moves with the machine, so the absolute position of the track at each particular point is not known in these methods, but the forward end of the survey line goes along the existing track.
The term "improved relative method" implies that the lifting and displacing values of the track are measured e.g. with the binocular-surveying rod system in such a manner that the absolute positions of the binocular and the surveying rod are not known, but they are set at ocularly selected points along the track while adjusting the direction, and these points on the track remain in place, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the track from the survey line being measured in relation to these points at uniform intervals. In this method, the accurate position of the track is not known, whereas its contour can be made to conf
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