Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Plural – diverse separating operations – Magnetic and fluid suspension
Patent
1988-01-25
1990-07-17
Focarino, Margaret A.
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Plural, diverse separating operations
Magnetic and fluid suspension
209212, 209232, B03C 100
Patent
active
049419692
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
High-intensity magnetic separators are used for separating paramagnetic minerals in the fine particle size range below approximately 1 mm. In a magnet arrangement of such separators ferromagnetic induction members are provided in a homogeneous magnetic field generated by the magnets thereof so as to cause distortion of the field. The placement of ferromagnetic induction members within a homogeneous magnetic field creates a magnetic flux gradient possessing regions of intensified magnetic flux density and regions of depleted magnetic flux density. The resultant forces of either attraction or repulsion are generated by the composition of the particulate material flowing through such magnetic field gradient whereby a paramagnetic particulate material passing within the magnetic flux gradient will experience an induced magnetic field having the same polarity direction as the applied magnetizing field resulting in a repulsion force thereupon while a diamagnetic particulate material passing through the magnetic flux gradient will experience an induced magnetic field having the opposite polarity direction relative to the applied magnetizing field resulting in an attractive force thereupon. The respective resultant forces determine the relative displacement of the particulate material within the separating chamber. The material to be separated consisting of paramagnetic particles and non-magnetizable particles suspended in a liquid or gaseous carrier medium, usually water but perhaps also air, is passed through the magnetic field which is distorted along the induction members. The paramagnetic particles are deflected by the magnetic force of attraction to the induction bodies on which they deposit, while the other particles which are non-magnetizable follow the flow of the carrier medium, passing through the magnetic field. At a later time when the magnetic field is no longer effective, the particles accumulated on the induction members are flushed off and out so that the magnetic concentrate may be recovered. For this reason the magnetic separators in question also are referred to as hold-back separators.
The induction members may be embodied by profiled plates, balls, cylindrical bars, rods, or wires. The characteristic length of their topography, e.g. the diameter of the wires or the height of the profiles determines the degree of unhomogeneity of the magnetic field and this increases monotonously at decreasing dimensions. The magnetic force grows with the degree of unhomogeneity, is proportional to the susceptibility of the particles and to the particle volume, and rises as the distance from the induction member diminishes.
The fundamental structure of the hold-back separator necessitates discontinuous operation. In an industrial process, however, continuous operation is desirable. Special measures must be taken to realize that.
In the simplest case two or more magnetic separators are used with their separating cycles succeeding each other. The material to be separated is fed to the respective magnetic separator which operates in its separating cycle. Subsequently the magnet is turned off and the concentrate is rinsed out, while another magnetic separator is effecting separation with the magnetic field switched on. Another possibility provides for taking the pack of induction members out of the magnetic field and then clearing out the magnetic concentrate. A carrousel arrangement is especially well suited for this purpose because it constantly moves unloaded induction members into the magnetic field, while loaded ones are taken out. The most frequently used design of technical high-intensity magnetic field separators thus is a realization of the carrousel arrangement.
Likewise known are proposals to construct high-intensity magnetic separators according to the principle of the continuously operating crossflow separating apparatus. As in the case of the above mentioned hold-back separators, the paramagnetic particles are deflected by the attractive force to the induction members, in other words transversely of
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Fricke Hans-Michael
Schonert Klaus
Focarino Margaret A.
Schonert Klaus
Wacyra Edward M.
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