Animal husbandry – Antivermin treating or cleaning
Reexamination Certificate
2001-07-09
2002-05-07
Poon, Peter M. (Department: 3643)
Animal husbandry
Antivermin treating or cleaning
C119S656000, C119S664000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06382136
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a method for treating the hooves of animals used for breeding, especially cattle, in particular animals used for breeding which are kept in a barn. Cattle, but also sheep, goats and horses used for breeding frequently suffer from hoof diseases, in particular as a result of inflammations of viral or bacterial origin between the ends of the hoof or digits; these inflammations, which are extremely painful, cause lameness or difficulties in moving, as a result of which the animal stops eating normally and this reduces its milk yield.
Consequently, these diseases caused by disease-transmitting microorganisms give rise to serious problems for breeders, particularly since they can be transmitted from one animal to another.
It should be pointed out that these problems are relatively rare in grazing animals which move over extensive soft surfaces; they occur to a greater extent if the animals are kept continuously in a barn, in particular in a so-called “free” barn. In these barns, the animals move freely in a restricted space delimited by concrete and also by gratings, in other words by an unnatural floor consisting of concrete slats which are separated from one another by slots, are laid over a pit used for disposing of the manure.
It will be appreciated that particularly hard surfaces of this type cannot be kept in a perfect hygienic state, so the animals inevitably stand and wade in dirt and, in particular, in their own excrement.
These living conditions and the physical and mechanical consequences of the constant movement of the animals on very hard ground, cause constant irritation in the hoof region; this is manifested by softening of the horny layer in the end region of the hoof, in other words by brittleness, and this opens up a door to inflammatory diseases caused by the very large number of pathogens on the ground on which the animals are moving.
As already mentioned, these inflammations which are manifested, in particular, by abscesses between the hoof ends are very painful and lead to extreme sensitivity to touch, and this makes it extremely difficult to treat inflamed regions topically, in particular when applying antibiotics to the skin.
Therefore, the only possible method of treatment is oral administration of antibiotics; it is found, however, that a treatment of this type becomes less and less effective, owing to the increasing resistance of the pathogens found in the dirt to the various antibiotics.
To overcome these drawbacks, methods aimed at prevention rather than a cure have already been proposed for treating the hooves of animals used for breeding, in particular cattle,.
With these methods, the animals to be treated are made to walk through foot tanks, i.e. large, shallow tanks filled with disinfectant baths. These baths generally consist of highly concentrated solutions of formaldehydes combined with copper sulphate. They generally contain about 10% of formaldehyde and 2% of copper sulphate. In these solutions, the formaldehyde acts as disinfectant whereas the copper sulphate has the object of strengthening the horn of the animals' hooves to make them less sensitive to physical and mechanical irritation caused by the hardness of the surface on which they are moving.
However, these baths have proven to be unsatisfactory. In fact, they are foul-smelling and highly irritating to the skin, owing to their high concentration of formaldehyde, and pollute the environment owing to the considerable quantities of copper sulphate.
The main drawback of these known treatment baths, however, resides in their inadequate microbicidal activity. The animals actually introduce a large amount of protein-containing dirt into the bath as they pass through the foot bath; the formaldehyde accordingly reacts preferentially with this organic waste, at the expense of the concurrent reaction to destroy the pathogens, and therefore rapidly becomes ineffective.
It is mentioned, for the sake of completeness, that foot baths with antibiotics have already been proposed. However, extensive use of these foot baths cannot be seriously considered as the tanks have to be emptied periodically in order to renew the treatment baths, so considerable quantities of antibiotics, which are proven to pollute the environment, are released into the open countryside.
The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks with a method for treating the hooves of animals used for breeding, especially cattle, in particular dairy cows which are kept in a barn, the method being sufficiently effective to solve the aforementioned problems of inflammation in the region of the hoof ends, without irritating the skin and at the same time without polluting the environment.
According to the invention, this object is achieved with a method which is characterised in that, in a first stage, the animals' hooves are cleaned with water or a different soap- or surfactant-containing cleaning product using an automatic spray system, to remove all traces of excrement, in particular manure or other dirt, for example, from the straw and, in a second stage, the previously cleaned animals' hooves are treated by wetting or spraying with a disinfectant.
The basic idea of the invention is therefore to avoid the rapid deactivation of the disinfectant in the treatment bath due to organic dirt adhering to the animals' hooves by removing this dirt in a prior cleaning stage before application of the disinfectant.
This cleaning obviously has to be carried out automatically. Manual cleaning is undesirable owing to the time required by staff and to the sensitivity to touch of the animals' hooves.
For this purpose and according to a preferred feature of the invention, during the cleaning stage, the animals to be treated are passed through a cleaning passageway comprising, at least on one side, but preferably on both sides, spray ramps equipped with a row of spray nozzles with which respective jets of water or cleaning product can be directed at predetermined pressure directly onto the hooves of the animals to be treated.
According to the invention, therefore, the cleaning stage is carried out in a cleaning passageway which is so arranged that the animals to be treated have to pass through it.
This passageway, which has a length of about 1 to 10 m, is preferably limited at the sides by two vertical walls and enclosed, on either side, by two frames provided with two parallel ramps with spray nozzles connected to a high-pressure pump through which water or a cleaning product is supplied. The ramps are covered with protective metal sheets to prevent them from being damaged by the passing animals.
It has been found that the dirt adhering to the animal' hooves is removed completely automatically rapidly and reliably without manual contact by this cleaning method.
This prevents deactivation of the disinfectant which is applied next.
According to the invention, this disinfectant can be applied either in a foot bath located right at the end of the cleaning passageway or by means of a second automatic spray system also located at the end of the cleaning passageway and similar to the automatic spray system for the cleaning product.
Furthermore, the disinfectant can be applied either in liquid form or preferably in the form of a foam which has the advantage of remaining on the animal's skin for longer than a liquid product, and this extends the contact time with the disinfectants and consequently assists destruction of the pathogens on the animal's skin, in particular in the folds of its skin.
A further advantage of the foam is that it is visible so it is possible to ascertain whether all the animals' feet or hooves have been carefully treated.
If the treatment is intended for dairy cows, as is frequently the case, the cleaning passageway as well as the device for applying the disinfectant can preferably be arranged directly before the milking area. The animals therefore inevitably pass through the treatment twice a day, namely prior to the morning milking and prior to th
Bardoneschi Gilbert
Bragulla Siegfried
Collin Alain
De Roquefeuille Hubert
Griles Bethany L.
Henkel Ecolab GmbH & Co. oHG
Merchant & Gould P.C.
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