Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Bacterial
Patent
1994-03-29
1995-12-05
Langel, Wayne
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Bacterial
71 6, 71 8, C05F 1108
Patent
active
054724732
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating wastes from livestock such as urine, and specifically to a waste treatment method that produces an aqueous solution containing a high density of activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic products which can be utilized as useful agricultural material.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Growth in the livestock and dairy industries has made it necessary to process increasingly large quantities of animal wastes, which cause nasty and offensive odors resulting in enviromental pollution. The offensive odors and other environmental pollution generated in barns also face practical limitations on where dairy and livestock farms can be located, since urine emits especially offensive odors and contaminates water systems. The farming industry incurs large operating costs in treating such waste on account of the large-scale facilities and complicated processing involved. Moreover, it takes a fairly long time to reduce the offensive odors caused by urine to a tolerable level.
Wastes or excretions from domestic animals, such as diary cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep and the like, contain organic materials, when properly treated, that can benefitably be reutilized for agricultural purposes. Wastes from domestic animals have traditionally been turned into compost and used as a fertilizer, but composting requires much time and labor. Many effective techniques have been developed to reuse solid wastes for fertilizer and compost.
In traditional composting, solid wastes, after adjusting their water content, are cured in air for an extended period with periodic stirring. At that time, microorganisms in soil decompose this mixture into humus, thus transforming it into compost. This natural process has detrimental drawbacks, such as requiring a long curing time and much labor. Another disadvantage is the difficulty in securing a physically and chemically stable product. Given limitations in the availability of labor, large-scale facilities and lands, traditional composting can not be applied for today's large-scale livestock and dairy farms, where large quantities of wastes are excreted day-by-day.
Among various forms of animal wastes, urine is the most difficult to treat due to its high ammonia content. In fact, an effective means for treating urine has never been developed until now.
The inventors of the present application have studied recycling methods for treating urine and other liquid wastes more efficiently with suppressing the emission of nasty and offensive odors to convert them to a material that can be reused for various agricultural purposes.
First of all, the present invention is turned its attention to the characteristics of soil. Soil is a source of sustenance for plant and animal lifes, and absorbs the remains of plants and animals after they die. Wastes excreted from animals and plants, their remains, and other organic materials eventually are decomposed into inorganic compounds and synthesize humus. The problems such as puterfaction and offensive odors do not occur during the decomposition in soil. Soil that contains a large quantity of humus is generally capable of yielding large crops without the use of additional fertilizers. Moreover, humus makes toxic metallic ions and nonmetallic substances harmless, and helps to preserve the natural ecological balance while preventing the proliferation of harmful insects.
In accordance with the present invention, considering how soil breaks down organic wastes, a new method for treating wastes has been developed in a manner facilitated by incorporating this natural process.
Organic materials in soil synthesize humus in the processes of chemical reactions, in which processes soil microorganisms play a vital role. FIG. 1 shows the mechanism of producing humus. In one of the chemical reactions, microorganisms decompose organic materials into water and inorganic substances, thereby reducing their molecular weights. The resultant products of this decomposing reaction are useless substances and
REFERENCES:
patent: 71689 (1867-12-01), Bitner
patent: 3761237 (1973-09-01), Jeffreys
patent: 4486216 (1984-12-01), von Raven et al.
patent: 4559073 (1985-12-01), Minato et al.
patent: 5192428 (1993-03-01), Lindstrom
Akita Tadahiko
Shiina Morio
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