Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Fermentate of unknown chemical structure
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-12
2001-05-29
Weber, Jon P. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Fermentate of unknown chemical structure
C514S002600, C514S863000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06238663
ABSTRACT:
The present invention describes a novel process, which based on a modification of chemical/physical process procedures in simple as well as in complex systems leads to desirable and useful changes of properties inherent in these systems.
An essential aspect of this invention is concerned with the modification of chemical/physical process procedures in complex biological systems, which manifests itself in a desirable and useful change of certain properties of the organisms present in these systems, such as e.g. a change of the pattern of gene expression, the morphology, the development and growth efficiency, the stress susceptibility asf.
Also comprised by the present invention are therefore organisms, such as e.g. micro-organisms, fungi, plants, invertebrate animals and vertebrate animals from the classes amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals, which due to the process of the invention possess certain desirable and useful changes, such as e.g. an increased development and growth efficiency, a changed gene expression, a changed morphology, an increased stress resistance, a changed population dynamic asf.
The interest concerning investigation of parameters which exert an indirect or direct effect on chemical/physical process procedures has hitherto almost exclusively concentrated on the influence of temperature, pressure and electromagnetic radiation. However, much less attention was paid to e.g. the investigation on possible interactions between simple and complex systems, in particular between complex biological systems and physical fields.
Only in recent times reports have accumulated on possible effects of gravitation and magnetic fields on biological systems. For instance, Goodman and Henderson (Bioelectromagnetics, 1986, 7, 23-29) could find indications for a relationship between electromagnetic fields and the transcription rate in biological material, which are positively influenced by the applied electromagnetic field, and this in the sense of a transcription increase.
However, the possibility that also static electro fields can exert an influence on chemical/physical process procedures in simple or in complex systems, in particular also in complex biological systems, was hitherto apparently excluded from the beginning. Accordingly, up to now no reports exist on a possible effect of static electro fields on said systems. This may primarily seem to be founded on the hypothesis hitherto at hand, which based on the idea that a static electro field in a medium filled with electrical charge carriers would be blocked off by the spontaneous formation of an electrical double layer and would therefore remain inert concerning its effect.
A single exception is an improved pisciculture process described in U.S. Pat. specification No. 5,048,458. Based on this prior art, however, it could not be expected, according to the generally valid opinion, that this process could be framed into a general method.
This opinion is essentially based on the relation posed by C. Gouy and D. L. Chapman, according to which the effective thickness of a diffuse double layer for an electrolyte is
d
=
1
F
·
1000
ϵ
RT
4
πΣ
c
i
z
i
2
wherein d=the thickness of the double layer, F=the Faraday constant, &egr;=the dielectricity constant, R=the universal gas constant, T=the absolute temperature and i=the ionic species of the concentrations c
i
and the valences z
i
.
Within the scope of the present invention this prejudice could now surprisingly be overcome by the use of simple process measures. Contrary to what was earlier believed, it has within the scope of the present invention for the first time become possible to develop a process, with the aid of which, based on a modification of chemical/physical process procedures, by the influence of a static electro field in simple as well as in complex systems, in particular in complex biological systems, to induce desirable and useful changes. This can easiest be obtained in that said systems are introduced into a static electro field so that the chemical/physical processes which are to be influenced proceed under the influence of a defined electrostatic field under controllable conditions.
Thus, the present invention is concerned with a process, which based on a modificiation of chemical/physical process procedures in simple as well as in complex systems leads to desirable and useful changes of properties inherent in these systems, and which is characterized in that
a) said systems are introduced into a static electro field, so that the chemical/physical processes which are to be influenced proceed under the influence of a defined electrostatic field under controllable conditions; however, without changing the chemical identity of the systems themselves, and
b) leaving said systems there for a period of time necessary for a stable formation of the required modification.
The simple and complex systems, which are modified within the scope of the present invention in desirable and useful manner, can primarily cover physical/chemical systems, such as e.g. chromatographic systems, membrane permeabilities, viscosities, solubilities, kinetics of chemical reactions, ionic activities, crystallizations, precipitations, conformations of molecules or dielectricity constants. Particularly preferred are complex biological systems as well as in particular the biological material itself contained in these systems.
Particularly preferred within the scope of this invention is therefore the use of the process of the invention on complex biological systems or on organisms containing these systems, which leads to a number of unexpected manifestations which can be utilized in manifold manner, as is evident from the following detailed description.
Thus, the use of the process of the invention on complex biological systems as component of an intact organism leads e.g. to a change of the development and growth efficiency, the morphogenesis, the gene expression pattern, the stress susceptibility, the population composition asf.
An essential aspect of this invention concerns a process for increasing the efficiency of development and growth of biological material. Particularly preferred is a process for increasing the efficiency of development and growth of plants, invertebrate animals and vertebrate animals from the classes amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Also covered by the present invention is the biological material itself resulting from the use of the process of the invention, in particular the so resulting plants, invertebrate animals and vertebrate animals from the classes of amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals, which possess an increased development and growth efficiency, as well as progenies of said organisms produced in sexual or asexual manner which possess these novel and characteristic properties of the starting material.
Under increased development and growth efficiency of plants, invertebrate animals and vertebrate animals from the classes of amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals are understood, within the scope of the present invention, e.g. an increase of the germination rate and the speeds of germination and growth of plants as well as an increase of the birth rate of animals.
Furthermore, the present invention concerns a process for influencing the morphogenesis of biological material, in particular a process for influencing the morphogenesis of plants.
The present invention thus also encompasses biological material and, in particular, plants which have undergone typical changes in their morphology due to a changed morphogenesis. For plants these morphological modifications primarily concern the form and shaping of leaves and stems, the form of growth as well as the entire habitus of the plants.
Also encompassed by the present invention is a process for changing the pattern of gene expression of biological material, particularly a process for changing the pattern of gene expression of plants as well as the material itself resulting from the use
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research AG
Pennie & Edmonds LLP
Weber Jon P.
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