Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture – Methods – Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Reexamination Certificate
1997-12-24
2001-01-16
Lorin, Francis J. (Department: 1775)
Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
Methods
Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
C156S099000, C427S163100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06174394
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to colored thermostable and lightfast dichroic polarizers based on water-soluble organic dyestuffs with sulfonic groups, and to processes of preparation thereof.
There exist dichroic polarizers produced by application of a true solution of a dichroic material on a substrate surface, solvent evaporation from the surface while at the same time bringing the material into the nematic phase, subjecting the material molecules to orienting influence and to mild solidifying influence to cause the material to be solidified in the oriented state. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,400,877 and 2,544,659. The dichroic nematic materials are water- and alcohol-soluble organic dyestuffs which enter the nematic state on the substrate surface immediately.
Dichroic polarizers from the above materials consist of a thin film of molecularly oriented dyestuff applied on a support surface. Such a film of dyestuff may be considered as a “polarizing coating”. This term is used hereinbelow. In-service characteristics of polarizing coatings depend mainly on the dyestuffs' properties in contrast to dichroic polarizers based on stretched polymeric films mass-dyed with organic dyestuffs. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,007,942 and 5,059,356. The characteristics of the latter polarizers depend also on the polymer base properties.
According to aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,400,877 and 2,544,659 the dyestuff solution is applied on a surface to which anisotropy was preliminarily imparted by mechanical rubbing. The orientation of dyestuff molecules takes place under influence of surface anisotropy when the solution is transferred through the nematic liquid crystalline state. This transfer is carried out directly on the support surface under solvent evaporation. Specific conditions must be satisfied to prevent disorientation of the dye molecules.
Known dichroic polarizers based on polarizing coatings have the following disadvantages:
1) these dichroic polarizers have low polarizing characteristics because these polarizers are based on dyestuffs which exist in the nematic liquid-crystalline phase a limited time only. This, together with a high viscosity of such a phase, does not allow ordering the dyestuff molecules in an effective manner;
2) the dichroic polarizers have low lightfastness and heat resistance;
3) the manufacturing process does not combine the orienting influence and application of dyes to the surface into one stage to be performed at the same time;
4) the dichroic polarizers cannot be prepared without an external orienting influence by, for example, rubbing or electric or magnetic field.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides in some embodiments thermostable and lightfast dichroic polarizers which are based on polarizing coatings and which have high polarizing characteristics.
These coatings are attained in some embodiments by using dichroic polarizers based on water soluble organic dyestuffs of the formula {Chromogen} (SO
3
M)
n
and their mixtures, where the chromogen provides a dyestuff that is capable of existing in the liquid crystalline state, and M is a suitable cation. In some embodiments, water soluble organic dyes such as sulfonic acids of azo- or polycyclic compounds, or their salts, represented by formulas I-VII, and their mixtures are used as a film-forming component in the material for polarizing coatings, wherein formulas I-VII are as follows:
where:
R
1
=H, Cl;
R=H, Alk, ArNH, or ArCONH;
Alk is an alkyl group;
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical;
M is H
+
, a metal of the first group, or NH
4
+
.
where:
R is H, an alkyl group, a halogen, or an alkoxy group;
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical;
n=2-3;
M is as in formula I above.
where A, M, n are as in formula II above.
where A, M, n are as in II above.
where M is as in I above, and n=3-5.
where M is as in I above.
where M is as in I above.
In some embodiments of type I compounds, one or more of relations (1), (2) and (3) hold true, wherein:
(1): Alk is an alkyl group with one to four carbon atoms, preferably with 1 to 2 carbon atoms (CH
3
, C
2
H
5
).
(2): Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical; a suitable substituent for the phenyl radical is Cl. Thus in some embodiments, Ar is C
6
H
5
or 4-ClC
6
H
4
.
(3): M=H
+
, Li
+
, Na
+
, K
+
, Cs
+
, or NH
4
+
.
In some embodiments of the compounds of formulas II-VII, one or more of relations (3), (4) and (5) hold true, wherein:
(4): R=H; or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and preferably with 1 to 2 carbon atoms (CH
3
, C
2
H
5
); or an alkoxy group with 1 to 2 carbon atoms (preferably methoxy CH
3
O); or Br; or Cl.
(5): Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical. Thus, in some embodiments, Ar is C
6
H
5
, 4-CH
3
OC
6
H
4
(CH
3
O is a substituent), 4-C
2
H
5
OC
6
H
4
, 4-ClC
6
H
4
, 4-C
4
H
9
C
6
H
4
, or 3-CH
3
C
6
H
4
.
The present invention also provides processes for liquid crystal orientation. In some embodiments, the processes allow combining the liquid crystal (LC) orientation and application on the surface into one stage so as not to require effecting an anisotropy of the support surface before the LC application. In some embodiments, the LC is applied between two surfaces. Then the surfaces are separated. During separation, a wedging force between the surfaces induces tension deformation of the LC meniscus in the region of separation. The tension of the thin LC layer causes uniform orientation of the LC molecules. In some embodiments, a shearing force is used to orient the molecules.
In some embodiments, other chromogens of diazo- and polycyclic classes are used than the ones from the formulas I-VII. The chromogens are such that the dyestuffs can form a stable liquid crystalline state in water.
Other features and embodiments of the invention are described below. The invention is defined by the appended claims.
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Bobrov Yuri A.
Bykov Victor A.
Gvon Khan Ir
Ignatov Leonid Y.
Ivanova Tatiana D.
Lorin Francis J.
Optiva, Inc.
Skjerven Morrill & MacPherson LLP
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