Distillation: processes – thermolytic – And shaping to desired form or configuration – Prior to charging to carbonizing zone
Patent
1982-02-12
1987-03-17
Kratz, Peter
Distillation: processes, thermolytic
And shaping to desired form or configuration
Prior to charging to carbonizing zone
48209, 110223, 110230, 201 15, 201 16, 201 25, 201 27, 201 32, 201 34, C10B 4904
Patent
active
046505466
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The object of the present invention is a method and a device for the treatment of moist products in order to extract from them components of value and/or energy. The invention is applicable in particular to household refuse and other town residues, but it may also be applied to products which are neither waste nor residues but moist raw materials such, for example, as peat, vegetable matter, straw, hay, etc. Of course if in the text below reference is made first of all to household refuse, this is because the invention in this case confers a particularly important advantage, but it is in no case limited to this application.
The accumulation of waste of every kind, especially of household refuse, poses a problem because it must be made to disappear at minimum expense. One of the difficulties is the large content of moisture in refuse, about one third on the average, for example, for household refuse.
The known plants for the treatment of household refuse proceed generally either by combustion or pyrolysis of the raw waste, or by manufacture of a compost intended for agriculture and obtained by various sortings, grindings, and screenings of like raw waste. In any case the expense is considerable.
In accordance with the present invention, waste or the like having a high content of moisture is treated as follows: 350.degree. and 1200.degree. C. in order to release combustible gases from it and make coke from it; dehydrated waste.
The compression is carried out at a very high pressure, several hundred bars. The moist products are thus freed of water economically and rapidly and the cakes resulting from the compression form a combustible product of sufficient quality for achieving the pyrolysis whilst leaving a positive heat balance which enables supplementary utilization such as the heating of a greenhouse or the combustion in a cement factory, which implies a nearby location of the plant for treatment of the moist products.
In general the calorific value of raw refuse is 1500 to 1800 Kcal/kg and about one third of its mass is water. After dehydration by compression, the calorific value of this dry product becomes a value of the order of 2000 to 3000 Kcal/kg, which enables it to be considered as a real fuel, whereas that is impossible with the raw refuse.
A device for implementing the method in accordance with the invention advantageously includes: with a piston for compression at one side and a movable wall at the other side, means being provided for making the piston carry out a complementary stroke after removal of the movable wall, in order to move the compressed products beyond the movable wall, orifices being provided in the chamber for letting the fluid products run out during the compression; the press, and including in the lower portion of it means of discharge of the cinders and of the coke; products compressed in the press, this member comprising: a tubular duct joining the press to the hearth in order to form a guide duct for the slugs formed in the press from the press up to the hearth, at least one portion of the duct at the end located next the press being aligned with the latter; and a tubular sheath surrounding the tubular duct from a first location lying between the press and the hearth up to the hearth itself, for the flow of the gases of combustion and the heating of the slugs advancing in the tubular duct.
The horizontal arrangement of the axis of the jack of the press is very much to be preferred. It would be possible to slope the axis but this would not be advantageous. The tubular guide duct may be straight, curved or angled. The final portion (close to the hearth) is heated by the gases of combustion.
With respect to the raw refuse, one finds in the tubular duct at the outlet from the press a material which is dry and freed of the greater part of the organic matter of low calorific value and above all a great cause of pollution upon combustion.
The description which is to follow in connection with the attached drawings, given by way of non-restrictive example, will let it be well unders
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