Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Ether doai
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-18
2003-01-28
Levy, Neil S. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Ether doai
C514S722000, C514S724000, C514S738000, C514S739000, C424S405000, C424S406000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06512012
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to insecticide compositions and methods for controlling the breeding of insects which have aquatic breeding sites.
2. Background of the Art
In the specification of our British Pat. Nos. 1 357 952 (March 1971) and 1 557 804 (October 1976) there is disclosed a method of controlling the breeding of mosquitoes by forming an insoluble monomolecular layer on the surface of water to reduce the number of mosquito pupae and larvae.
The monomolecular layer is particularly effective in killing the mosquito at certain stages of the life cycle, namely the ovipositing female, fourth stage larva, pupa and emerging adult. It is lethal because the decrease in surface tension causes wetting of the respiratory trumpets of the pupae and larvae and also forms a physical barrier to surface penetration, thus preventing oxygen uptake from the atmosphere by the larvae and pupae. The application of monolayers to the control of mosquito juveniles is described in:
1. McMullen, A. I. & Hill, M. N., (1971), Nature, 234, No. 5323 pp 51-52.
2. McMullen, A. I., Reiter, P. & Phillips, M. C., (1977), Nature, 267, No. 5608 pp 244-245.
3. Garrett, W. D., (1976), Naval Res. Lab. Report 8020, p 13, Washington D.C.
In the specification of our British Pat. No. 1 561 088 there is disclosed a method of controlling the breeding of insects which have an aquatic phase in their life cycle by forming an insoluble foam layer on the surface of the water. This foam layer presents an impenetrable barrier to pupae and larvae of the insects, again wetting their respiratory system and preventing oxygen uptake.
The foam method is more effective than the monomolecular method in that it is effective in killing the mosquito at all stages in its life cycle, namely: ovipositing female, egg, first, second, third and fourth stage larva, pupa and emerging adult. It is, however, more expensive than the monomolecular method in both dosage and application equipment.
There are also specific toxins obtained from
Bacillus thuringiensis
cultures (hereinafter referred to as B.t.) and from
Bacillus sphaericus
cultures which are mainly effective against first, second and third stage mosquito larvae but suffer from the disadvantage that the toxin crystal is dense and rapidly sinks below the feeding zones of young larvae. It is also rapidly inactivated by particulate matter in the catchment.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,359 describes an insecticide composition for controlling the breeding of insects (particularly mosquitos) which have aquatic breeding sites comprises two components, the first being either an insoluble monomolecular layer, an insoluble foam layer or a duplex film layer and the second having a toxic action on larvae, the combination of the two components providing a synergistic mixture. In particular, this patent describes an insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aquatic breeding site, comprising an effective insecticidal amount of a first component which when applied to the surface of a water catchment forms an insoluble monomolecular layer or an insoluble foam layer effective in killing insects at certain stages in their life cycle, said first component being selected from the group consisting of:
a) C
m
H
2m+1
.(OR)
mn
OH, b) C
m
H
2m
−1.(OR)
n
OH, c) C
m
H
2m
+1.(OR.OB)
n
OH, d) C
m
H
2m−1
(OR.OB)
n
OH, e) C
m
H
2m+1
.CO.(OR)
n
OH, f) C
m
H
2m−1
.CO.(OR)
n
OH, g) C
m
H
m2m+1
.CO.(OR.OB
n
OH, and h) C
m
H
m2m−1
.CO.(OR.OB)
n
OH,
where R and B are alkylenes and may be the same or different, n is an integer in the range 1 to 3 and m is an integer greater than 14, said group being exclusive of isostearyl ethoxylates; and an effective larvicidal amount of a second component comprising a mosquito larva toxin obtained during growth of bacterial cultures, the first and second components giving rise to a synergistic mixture having a greater effectiveness in control of insects than that exhibited by either the first or second component alone. There is provided an insecticide composition for controlling insects which have an aquatic breeding site comprising a first component which is capable of forming either a monomolecular layer, an insoluble foam layer or a duplex film layer on the surface of a water catchment and a second component which has a toxin action (preferably rapid) on larvae, giving rise to a synergistic mixture. The first component may be any one or more of the compounds referred to in the specification of British Pat. Nos. 1 557 804 and 1 561 088. Thus the first component may include at least one long chain compound of the general formula:
CmH2m+/−1.(OR)nOH
or
CmH2m+/−1.(OR.OB)nOH
and/or at least one long chain compound of the general formula:
CmH2m+/−1.CO.(OR)nOH or CmH2m+/−1.CO.(OR.OB)nOH
where these include branched chain isomers, but excepting isostearyl alcohol or acid.
It was asserted to be unexpected that by mixing the toxin from
Bacillus thuringiensis
or
Bacillus sphaericus
with the material forming the monomolecular layer, the toxin was retained at the surface for quite long periods and was transported or spread over wide areas. When the toxin was mixed with an insoluble foam layer the toxin is held at the surface for periods depending on the speed of breakdown of the foam, which depends on the amount applied and the extent of water pollution. Alternatively, the monomolecular layer and toxin mixture were applied to the water surface with a thin oil layer applied on top thereof, thus forming a “duplex film”. These methods of applying the toxin to a water catchment resulted in a much more effective method for killing mosquitoes than by applying the monolayer, foam, thin oil or the toxin alone. Thus the combination produced a synergistic mixed product. In these formulae, R and B are alkylenes and may be the same or different, n is an integer in the range 1 to 3 and m is an integer greater than 14. The second component may be any specific mosquito larval toxin such as that obtained during growth of bacterial cultures, for example, that toxin found in
B. thuringiensis
H-14 (Bt-H14) or in
B. sphaericus
preparations, the toxin being a high molecular weight protein which splits into active sub-units inside the larvae.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,160,033 describes the use of a nonionic, autophobic, organic material with a density less than that of water, a boiling point of 170 degrees Centigrade or more, a freezing point of less than 5 degrees Centigrade, an HLB number of 10 or less, a bulk viscosity of less than 1000 Centistokes at the temperature of use, a spreading velocity of 10 cm/sec for the first 100 cm, and a surface tension effectiveness which lowers the surface tension of said body of water to 30 dynes/cm or less. The specifically disclosed materials for use within this process are described as sorbitan monooleate, a solution of 70 volume percent to less than 100 volume percent of sorbitan monooleate and 2-ethylbutanol; saturated, branched chain alcohols with a total carbon content of from 15 to 19 carbon atoms and one to three oxyethylene groups; unsaturated cis alcohols with 15 to 19 carbon atoms in the chain length; unsaturated ethers with a chain length of 12 to 18 carbon atoms and three to five oxyethylene groups; and oleyl ether with two oxyethylene groups, and combinations of these compounds. The preferred materials for use alone or in combination include sorbitan monooleate, isostearyl alcohol, lauryl ether, and oleyl ether. Such a compound or combination of compounds is capable of forming an insoluble monomolecular layer, a foam layer or, (in the presence of an oil), a duplex film, on the surface of a water catchment.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,194 describes the use of water-soluble, detergent-range, ethoxylated alcohols to control black fly larvae in aquatic habitats. The mechanism of larvicidal activity described in the patent relates only to persistent subsurface targeting of black fly larvae that are attached to various submerged subs
Lee County Mosquito Control District
Levy Neil S.
Mark A. Litman & Assoc. P.A.
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