Method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow

Details Method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow Method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow

2001-02-28

2002-04-16

Reamer, James H. (Department: 1614)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Ester doai

Reexamination Certificate

active

06372788

ABSTRACT:

This application claims the benefit of foreign priority to French patent application no. 98 14249, filed Nov. 13, 1998, and French patent application no. 99 10050, filed Jul. 29, 1999. Both of these foreign priority documents are incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to a method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow which comprises administering to the cow an ester of methionine or methionine amide and/or an ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine or a salt thereof. The present invention also relates to a method of improving milk obtained from dairy cows and in particular to a method which comprises supplying to the dairy cow an ester of methionine or methionine amide and/or an ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine or a salt thereof.
Protein is one of the major nutrients in the diets of lactating cows. The cows however do not actually require proteins but instead they require the specific amino acids, which are the building blocks that make up their own protein.
It is known that methionine is a limiting amino acid and in particular for milk production it is believed that a well balanced level of methionine will result in effective levels of milk production. It is also believed that an increase in methionine levels can result in increased milk production.
It is therefore desirable to maintain or even enhance the level of methionine. Methionine can be added directly to the cow's diet. However, the free form of this amino acid is rapidly degraded by bacteria in the rumen and consequently only a small portion of the methionine enters the bloodstream. There have been many attempts to overcome this problem and in general the methionine is introduced into the diet in a protected or modified form, permitting the compound to pass through the rumen unaffected. The methionine released from the protected or modified form then enters the small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream. One of the most widely studied compounds for this particular purpose is the hydroxy analogue of methionine, namely 2-hydroxy4-(methylthio) butanoic acid, generally referred to as HMB.
WO 99/04647, published on Feb. 4, 1999, discloses a method of introducing methionine into the rumen by supplementing the feed with the hydroxy analogue of methionine. In this patent application, it is claimed that the hydroxy analogue is substantially unaffected by rumen degradation, passing through the rumen and consequently providing at least 20%, preferably at least 40% of the hydroxy analogue for absorption into the bloodstream through the intestine. The patent application refers to the hydroxy analogue, its salts, esters, amides and oligomers as being ‘rumen by-pass’ and claims an improved efficient means of introducing methionine into the bloodstream of the cow. The claimed advantage of the disclosed compounds in this documents is that the compounds by-pass the rumen and are absorbed in the intestine.
There are also many publications on the effect of the hydroxy analogue of methionine and a publication by Charles Schwab, from a presentation given at a conference in May 1998, reviews all of the publications and concludes that the hydroxy analogue of methionine is thought to by-pass the rumen for intestinal absorption but will only do so if it is administered at a dose above 60 g per animal per day, preferably above 90 g per animal per day. At lower doses, it would appear, according to the author, that the hydroxy analogue of methionine is to a large extent, consumed by the a micro organism in the rumen.
The best determination of the absorption of the hydroxy analogue of methionine is the determination of the bioavailability in the blood. The bioavailability is characterised by the level of appearance of methionine in the blood compared with the amount of methionine equivalent of compound introduced into the feed ration. This determination takes into account the passage of the hydroxy analogue through the rumen, its degree of absorption irrespective of the place of absorption during the digestive transit and the degree enzymatic conversion of the hydroxy analogue into methionine. At a dose of methionine equivalent to 50 g per day per cow, it is described in this article that methionine protected against degradation in the rumen with a polymer, in particular the product sold under the trade name Smartamine™, has a rumen by-pass of 90%; the hydroxy analogue gives a bioavailability of only 3%.
A paper in J Dairy Science 1988, 71, pp3292 to 3301 discloses the introduction of the methyl ester or the ethyl ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine to the diet of a cow in an attempt to increase the level of milk production. The results from the study indicate that these esters are rapidly converted to the hydroxy analogue of methionine and subsequently degraded in the rumen of the animal. Specifically, after incubation for six hours in rumen juices, only 1.8% and 3% of the methyl and ethyl ester of the hydroxy analogue respectively, remains. This is compared with 34% and 85% of methionine and the hydroxy analogue of methionine.
We have now found, contrary to the teachings of the aforementioned prior art, that certain esters of methionine or a methionine amide and/or the hydroxy analogue of methionine have a favourable effect in cows. We have surprisingly found that certain compounds introduce methionine into the bloodstream of the rumen more effectively and more rapidly than the known prior art. We have also found that these particular compounds do not enter the bloodstream through rumen by-pass and intestinal absorption but by absorption through the rumen wall. We have also found that introducing the specific ester compound into the diet of dairy cows through the feed ration results in desired improvement in milk production.
Accordingly the present invention provides a method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow which comprises administering to the cow an ester of methionine or methionine amide and/or an ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine or a salt thereof.
For the purposes of the present invention, by cow is meant cattle, namely beef cows and dairy cows.
In particular the present invention provides a method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow which comprises administering to the cow a branched alkyl ester of methionine or methionine amide and/or a branched alkyl ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine.
The use of the claimed esters provides the advantage over the prior art in that it provides a greater amount of methionine into the bloodstream of the cow than the methionine derivatives of the prior art. Furthermore, we have surprisingly found that the use of the particular esters results in very rapid absorption of methionine into the bloodstream. The ester derivatives according to the present invention appear not only to avoid rumen degradation but surprisingly introduce methionine into bloodstream by absorption through the rumen wall. This is contrary to the aforementioned prior art wherein the hydroxy analogue compounds of methionine are known to either degrade in the rumen or by-pass the rumen and absorb through the intestine.
As is evident from the prior art in this area, studies to introduce methionine into the bloodstream of the ruminant have concentrated on the use of rumen by-pass compounds as the quickest and most effective means of introducing methionine into the bloodstream. We have found that the addition of the esters of the present invention to the diet of the cow can result, in some cases, in more than 50% of methionine equivalent being absorbed directly through the rumen wall. Not only do these esters have a high bioavailability level but they allow methionine or biologically equivalent compounds to enter the blood steam very quickly after intake by the cow through rumen absorption. This result is surprising and quite unexpected because until now, it has actually been believed that only compound such as volatile fatty acids, ammonia and dioxycarbons are absorbed through the rumen wall.
The present invention also seeks to

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