Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-31
2003-01-14
Ogden, Necholus (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
C510S159000, C510S481000, C510S488000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06506714
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cleansing the skin is a desired result throughout the world. However the skin feel achieved during and after the process is subject to many different factors including cultural variations. In North America and Europe, it is generally desired to have a slippery feel. However many people in Asia prefer to have a feel which is less slippery and approaching or achieving a “squeaky clean” feeling. Another desired characteristic is a transparent composition, that is, one that a person can see images through. One of the factors important in achieving clarity is a low cloud point, the temperature at which a clear composition begins to become hazy. Having a low cloud point is of significance in countries where the climate is temperate and particularly where it is subtropical or tropical. Generally a cloud point of about 4-6° C. or even lower is desirable.
This is particularly significant where the aqueous composition undergoes hysteresis when it goes through its cloud point. Generally, when a composition descends through its cloud point it begins to become hazy. However, when the temperature is raised past its cloud point it becomes clear once again in a short period of time, for example usually no more than about 2 or 3 minutes at a temperature 1 or 2° C. about its cloud point. However certain compositions do not undergo this rapid change to clarity. Rather it takes a relatively lengthy period of time, even at a temperature significantly above its cloud point to achieve clarity once again. This physical phenomenon is oftentimes referred to as hysteresis.
This phenomenon has recently been encountered in a clear aqueous soap solution wherein the surfactants are primarily potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. After significant experimentation including a number of erroneous attempts to solve the problem, it has been discovered that the cloud point of such compositions can be significantly lowered as well as the removal of the significant issue of hysteresis through raising the pH of the composition. Surprisingly the high pH does not make the composition irritating as measured by clinical testing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is an aqueous, clear cleansing composition comprising a cleansing effective amount of a potassium salt of a long chain alkyl carboxylic acid or mixtures thereof, the pH of said composition being from about 10.0 to about 11.0.
A further aspect of the invention is a method for lowering the cloud point of an aqueous clear cleansing composition having a cleansing amount of a potassium salt of a long chain alkyl carboxylic acid or a mixture thereof which comprises adjusting the pH of the composition to about 10.0 to about 11.0. A further benefit of the higher pH is that no hysteresis occurs even with the lower cloud point.
A pH of no more than about 10.8 can also be employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The long chain alkyl carboxylate potassium salt or mixture thereof can have from about eight to about twenty carbon atoms, desirably about ten to about eighteen carbon atoms. Generally in order to cleanse the skin, there should be at least about 1 wt. % of the composition of the long chain alkyl carboxylate potassium salt or mixture thereof, desirably 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt. % of the composition. The maximum amount varies as the desired thickness of the composition or irritational aspects, but generally no more than about 30 wt. %, desirably 25 wt. % of the composition should be the potassium salt or mixture thereof.
Other anionic surfactants can be present in the composition such as amphoteric, nonionic, and cationic surfactants, although the composition can be without any of these surfactant families, particularly the cationic.
Examples of these surfactants include anionic nonsoap surfactants such as can be exemplified by the alkali metal salts of organic sulfate having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester radical (included in the term alkyl is the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals). Preferred are the sodium, ammonium, potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C
8
-C
18
carbon atoms), sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates as well as alpha olefin sulfonates; sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; the reaction product of fatty acids having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; water soluble salts of condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine; and others known in the art for example taurates, phosphate, and those listed in the
McCutcheon's Encyclopedia of Surfactants.
Although not necessary other surfactants may be present in the composition. Examples of these surfactants include zwitterionic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is:
wherein R
2
contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 10 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R
3
is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R
4
is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 0 to about 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.
Examples include:
4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-octadecylammonio]-butane-1-carboxylate;
5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecylsulfonio]-3 hydroxypentane-1-sulfate
3-[P,P,P-diethyl-P 3,6,9 trioxatetradecyl-phosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-phosphate
3-[N,N-dipropyl-N-3 dodecoxy-2-hydroxy-propylammonio]-propane-1-phosphonate
3-(N,N-di-methyl-N-hexadecyl-ammonio) propane-1-sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
4-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2 hydroxydodecyl) ammonio]-butane-1-carboxylate
3-[S-ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)sulfonio]-propane-1-phosphate
3-(P,P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio)-propane-1-phosphonate; and
5-[N,N-di(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecyl-ammonio]-2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the present invention are those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines, such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091, and the products sold under the trade name “Miranol” and described in U.S. Pa
Lumain Ma. Theresa
Soriano Zenaida
Barancik Martin B.
Colgate-Palmolive Company
Ogden Necholus
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