Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes – Direct application of electrical or wave energy to work – Using sonic – supersonic – or ultrasonic energy
Patent
1997-05-01
1999-06-15
Tentoni, Leo B.
Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
Direct application of electrical or wave energy to work
Using sonic, supersonic, or ultrasonic energy
28220, 264 85, 264131, 264202, 2642103, 2642108, 26421115, 427174, 427175, 427180, 4274346, 427601, B05D 104, B05D 312, D01F 400
Patent
active
059119420
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of synthetic materials, such as polyester fiber (Dacron.TM.) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Teflon.TM.), as implants designed to replace diseased or damaged body parts has been extensive. These materials have however, enjoyed limited success. This has been due to the poor biocompatibility of many of these materials which among other problems, frequently initiate persistent inflammatory reactions. Additionally, the failure of the body to integrate these materials, because they do not break down and do not lend themselves to remodeling by tissue cells that may come into contact with them, causes further problems.
Efforts to use animal or human materials have also been unsatisfactory when these materials are crosslinked by formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, for example. The process of generalized aldehydic crosslinking renders biomaterials sufficiently unrecognizable to tissue cells so that normal remodeling and integration are not promoted. Similarly, other types of chemical processing of animal or human biomaterials, such as extraction with detergents, or hypertonic buffers or hypotonic buffers can alter them to the degree that they are ineffective in promoting angiogenesis and in stimulating repair and remodeling processes needed for the conversion of an implant into a functional substitute for the tissue or organ being replaced.
A third approach has been that of reconstituting tissue and organ equivalents from structural matrix components, such as collagen, for example, that have been extracted and purified and combined with specialized cells. The process depends upon interactions between the cells and matrix proteins that the cells condense and organize. While tissue-like constructs have been fabricated and been shown to somewhat resemble their natural counterparts, they do not readily develop the matrix complexity characteristic of the actual tissues they are meant to imitate.
Therefore, a need exists for an improved apparatus and method for spinning and processing collagen fibers which will enrich them with the other constituents of the extracellular matrix.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for forming a collagen fiber having microparticulates coated to the surface of the fiber. The method includes directing a liquid collagen solution into a coagulation bath to form a continuous collagen gel fiber. The continuous collagen gel fiber is removed from the coagulation bath and directed into dehydrating bath, whereby the collagen gel fiber is partly dehydrated undergoing further polymerization. The partially dehydrated collagen fiber is removed from the dehydrating bath. Microparticulates are coated to the surface of the fiber, and the fiber is stretched. The microparticulate-coated fiber is then further dried.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for forming microparticulate-coated collagen fibers. The apparatus includes means for forming a continuous liquid collagen stream. The apparatus also includes a coagulation bath, wherein a continuous liquid collagen stream can form a continuous collagen gel fiber, and a dehydrating bath, wherein the continuous gel fiber can be partially dehydrated. Also included are means for applying microparticulates to the surface of the dehydrated fiber and means for stretching the microparticulate-coated fiber. The apparatus further has means for drying the microparticulate-coated fiber.
The present invention further includes an apparatus for applying microparticulates to the surface of a fiber. The apparatus includes a support base and a horizontal tube disposed on the support base. The tube has a first opening and a second opening, wherein the diameter of the tube is sufficient to allow passage of a continuous fiber under tension in a straight line into the first opening and from second opening. The apparatus also includes a microparticulate reservoir within the tube wherein the upper level of the reservoir is lower than the continuous fiber that can be drawn through the tube. The collagen fiber
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Bell Eugene
Fofonoff Timothy W.
Tentoni Leo B.
Tissue Engineering, Inc.
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