Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
Patent
1994-06-30
1996-06-11
Dees, Jose G.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
554 20, 426417, 426425, 426574, 426580, 426593, 426601, 426608, 426615, C07C 100
Patent
active
055257461
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This is a 371 application of PCT/US92/11394 filed Dec. 31, 1992.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to methods for selective extraction of desired compounds from carbonaceous materials, and more particularly to a solvent extraction process for the removal of selected compounds from carbonaceous materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In many instances the characteristics of a particular carbonaceous material can be altered by the removal of certain compounds from the material. Examples of some compounds which it may be desirable to remove would include: phospholipids, fats, fatty acids, alcohols, waxes, gums, stearols, oil soluble proteins, flavonol, mineral oils, essential oils, and PCB's.
More particularly, oils derived from plant materials, such as oil-seeds, cereal brans, fruits, beans, and nuts, are the source of raw material for many important commercial products. For example, such oils from such plant materials are extensively used in cooking, low fat and fat free cooked food, in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals as carriers for insecticides and fungicides, in lubricants, and in myriad other useful products. Consequently, much work has been done over the years in developing improved processes for extracting oil from such materials.
One of the most widely used processes for removing oil from oil-bearing materials is solvent extraction. In solvent extraction, the oil-bearing material is treated with a suitable solvent, usually the lower carbon alkanes such as hexane, at elevated temperatures and low pressures, to extract the oil from the oil-bearing material. The resulting solvent/oil mixture is then fractionated to separate the valuable oil from the solvent, which is recycled. Most solvent extraction processes in commercial use today employ hexane as the solvent. While hexane extraction is the most widely used today, there are also teachings in the art in which normally gaseous solvents are used at both supercritical and subcritical conditions.
One such teaching is found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,802,533 to Reid, wherein a normally gaseous solvent, preferably butane or isobutane, is liquefied by decreasing the temperature and/or increasing the pressure, then passing the solvent through a bed of the oil-bearing material in an extraction vessel. The solvent and extracted oil are then passed to a still where the solvent is separated from the oil. The extracted material must then be placed in another still where it is heated to remove solvent which remained entrained in the extracted material. There is no suggestion of obtaining a substantially solvent-free, dry, extracted material without an additional treatment step after extraction.
Another extraction process is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 2,548,434 to Leaders wherein an oil-bearing material is introduced into the top of an extraction tower and passed counter-current to a liquefied normally gaseous solvent, such as propane, which is introduced at the bottom of the extraction tower. The tower is operated near critical conditions so that the solvent selectively rejects undesired color bodies, phosphatide, gums, etc. The resulting solvent/oil mixture can then be flashed to separate the solvent from the oil. In another embodiment, the solvent/oil mixture is first subjected to a liquid/liquid separation resulting in one fraction containing solvent and a less saturated fatty material, and another fraction containing solvent and a more saturated fatty material. The solvent is then flashed from both fractions. The extracted material remaining in the tower is drawn off and subjected to a vacuum flashing operation to remove entrained solvent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,331,695 to Zosel teaches a process for extracting fats and oils from oil-bearing animal and vegetable materials. The material is contacted with a solvent, such as propane, in the liquid phase and at a temperature below the critical temperature of the solvent to extract fat or oil from the material. The resulting solvent/oil mixture is treated to precipitate the extracted fat or oil from the solvent by
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Carr Deborah D.
Dees Jos,e G.
Univesity Research & Marketing Inc.
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