Distillation: processes – separatory – Filming of distilland for vaporization
Patent
1995-03-27
1997-03-04
Warden, Robert J.
Distillation: processes, separatory
Filming of distilland for vaporization
159 63, 159 91, 159 92, 159 112, 202238, 203 14, 203 29, 203DIG6, B01D 300
Patent
active
056075588
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method for selective and/or unselective vaporization and/or decomposition of, particularly, hydrocarbon compounds in liquid form.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out selective and/or unselective vaporization and/or decomposition of, particularly, hydrocarbon compounds in liquid form, comprising a process chamber into which the liquid is conducted and where there are provided means for supplying energy to the liquid.
It is proposed, according to the invention, to place the liquid in an artificial field of gravity and to provide a mechanical supply of energy to the liquid in the artificial gravitational field.
In connection with the new apparatus, it is proposed according to the invention that the process chamber be rotatably mounted for the provision of an artificial gravitational field for the liquid in the chamber, and that means be provided within the process chamber for mechanically supplying energy to the liquid when it is located in the gravitational field.
The invention thus relates to a method for mechanically supplying energy to liquids by bringing them into an artificial gravitational field. The process may be so intense that it is possible to achieve a partial evaporation of liquid compounds such as, for example, oil and water and, beyond this, to obtain a previously unknown method for the decomposition of molecular compounds which would otherwise be done in so-called "crackers" at high pressure and temperature. In addition, the method enables the achievement of the fusion of certain molecules such as carbon and hydrogen in oil, for example, so that the oil will be composed of lighter hydrocarbon compounds.
All known techniques for separating various substances in admixture with each other, e.g., oil and water, seek to utilize different typical characteristics of the substances. In a gravel pit the separation of sand and stones is done simply by utilizing the size difference between them. The most predominant difference between the substances used in, e.g., various types of centrifuges is the difference in specific gravity between the substances. These specific gravity differences may, however, be very small. With oil and water, for example, the specific gravity ratio is 0.9:1. This makes the separation of such compounds potentially very difficult. Particularly with small amounts of dispersed oil it is often extremely difficult to separate oil from the water by means of centrifuges.
Thus, to facilitate the separation, particularly of oil and water mixtures representing a grave pollution problem, it would be easier if there were physical properties in the substances that were more distinctive than the specific gravity. With regard to water mixed with other liquid matter and particularly oil, there are several physical conditions that provide greater differences, but which are all the more difficult to use for separation tasks. Such physical properties are thermal and electrical conductivity, calorific capacity, specific heat and, not least, vaporizing heat for various substances. One may, for example, set up the following table for such physical properties:
______________________________________ Water Oil
______________________________________
Specific gravity kg/m.sup.3
1.00 0.90
Coefficient of thermal
0.70 0.17
conductivity W/m .degree.C.:
Mean specific heat kJ/kg .degree.C.:
4.22 2.75
Vaporizing heat kj/kg:
2,257 275
Evaporation temperature .degree.C.:
100 150-500
______________________________________
What is distinctive here is the difference in vaporizing heat, and it is primarily this difference that we seek to exploit in the present invention. If we consider two equally large units V of oil and water and supply these with exactly the same power P, the volume V of oil will evaporate first, in accordance with the following observation with the same initial temperature t=20.degree. C.: (150+500)/2=325.degree. C., this is: the same amount of water as oil, and the oil will consequently evaporate 2.33 times faster t
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patent: 3255805 (1966-06-01), Bechard
patent: 3292683 (1966-12-01), Biichi et al.
patent: 3526484 (1970-09-01), Kilpatrick
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patent: 4536973 (1985-08-01), Platt, Jr. et al.
patent: 4731159 (1988-03-01), Porter et al.
Miller Austin R.
Thornton Krisanne M.
Warden Robert J.
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