Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Coated or structually defined flake – particle – cell – strand,... – Particulate matter
Patent
1995-03-17
1996-09-10
Beck, Shrive
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand,...
Particulate matter
427212, 427215, 427220, 427421, 427218, 504100, B05D 700
Patent
active
055544452
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to seed encrusting or encapsulation by a film coating.
One of the most important parameters that affect the quantity of crops is the optimal amount of plants on a given sown area unit and keeping this amount unchanged until harvest time. This results above all from the quality of the sowable material and the protection of this material from diseases and pests. The most profitable and effective method to protect the plant against diseases and pests is the seed dressing or coating applied before sowing. The dressed sowable material ensures the high percentage of germinated plants, the plants grow quickly and are healthy and uniform, which results in more effective crops. The efficiency of the seed dressing depends on the properly choosed chemicals for seed dressing, the dosage of seed dressing chemicals and the method of applications.
There are well-known dry, semi-dry and wet seed dressing, coating and encrusting methods. The well-known method of encrusting seeds consists of mixing of the seed dressing chemicals formulated with a liquid or solid products for encrusting and subsequent coating on the seed. A coating is obtained where, after drying, the dressing chemicals bind with the seed. The seed is coated with the dressing chemicals in a uniform and firm way, dosage is precise and dosage of the dressing chemicals is optimized. Also dusting during dressing, packing, transporting and sowing is avoided which increases the work safety. The encrusting preparations should be characterized by high adhesion and should form up a solid film on the seed surface that is water-permeable or swells in water as well as is capable of biodegrading. At the same time the use of an encrusting agent should reduce the dosage of dressing chemicals as well as their losses into the environment.
There is known a way of seed treatment described in the Polish patent No. 124871 that consists of coating of the seed with a water-insoluble and moisture-permeable film containing the encrusting preparations as well as the plant pesticides. The encrusting agent is composed of 3.5-22.5% w/v of synthetic resins and 67-87% w/v of organic solvents such as alcohol or acetone.
There is also known a process for the preparation of coated seed described in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,344,979 that consists of coating of the seed with a coating agent containing hydrophilic synthetic polymers having hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester or carbamyl groups with combination with a peroxide compound such as calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide.
Object of the WO 85/01736 is a hygroscopic coating composition for seed that comprises finely divided polyacrylamide and finely divided polyacrylate in an intimate admixture.
There is well-known a water-absorbing resin manufacture for seed-coating described in Japanese Patent No A280041 made by suspension of the polymerizing aqueous solution of monomers, initiators and other, with a film forming monomer and oil soluble initiator added near the end. Preferred as a water absorbing resin are carboxyl or carboxylate groups containing vinyl monomers and as the film forming monomers styrene and acrylonitrile. The chemical dressings for seed are used finally with the above coating mixture. There is also known a film-forming seed coating liquid composition on the base of acrylic polymers described in European Patent Application No. 89104943.9-2112 characterized in that it consists a polyacrylonitrile or acrylonitrile copolymer partially hydrolyzed with a molar ratio of carboxyl to amide groups of 1:0.001-1:1 in 1-15% w/v aqueous solution of pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0, containing also nutrient media and/or dressing chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides, insecticides and/or dyes.
There is also known a method for manufacture of modified seed dressing described in Polish patent No 144192, which is characterized in that the dressing chemicals, such as pesticides, fungicides or insecticides, are mixed with chitosan, especially in a form of acidic solution with concentration of 0.01-3 wt %, adhesive additives in a form of
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Plant Growth Promoter, Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 242, C-510, Abstract of JP, A, 63-333310 (IHARA CHEM IND CO LTD), 13 Feb. 1988.
Struszczyk, et al., Some New Applications of Chitosan n Agriculture, International Conference on Chitin and Chitosan, 4, 1988, Trondheim, pp. 733-742 (No Month).
Heidari, Seafood Waste: The Potential for Industrial Use, Kemia-Kemi, vol. 19, No. 3 (1992), pp. 256-258.
Rawls, Prospects Brighten for Converting Chiten Wastes to Valuable Products, Chemical & Engineering News, vol. 62, No. 20 (1984), pp. 42-45 No Month.
Kivekas Olli
Struszczyk Henryk
Beck Shrive
Maiorana David M.
Novasso Oy
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