Coating processes – With post-treatment of coating or coating material – Heating or drying
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-21
2003-06-03
Barr, Michael (Department: 1762)
Coating processes
With post-treatment of coating or coating material
Heating or drying
C427S385500, C427S386000, C252S382000, C252S384000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06572927
ABSTRACT:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Applicants claim priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German Application 198 28 714.3 filed Jun. 23, 1998. Applicants also claim priority under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT/DE99/01825 filed on Jun. 23, 1999. The international application under PCT article 21 (2) was not published in English.
The present invention relates to a method for sealing porous building materials. In the following, the term “building materials” is understood to relate also to building components (e.g. brick walls, pillars) consisting of such building materials, as well as building structures (e.g. bridges). Furthermore, the invention relates to a sealing composition and in particular to its use in conjunction with the present method. The field of application includes all types of porous building materials that may be in contact with liquid.
For example, building components in contact with soil are in direct contact with-water present in the soil. A distinction is made in this connection between the following load cases:
Soil moisture (water present in the soil that is capillary-bound and can be expelled also against the force of gravity).
Non-Pressing water (e.g. precipitation water, seepage water or tap water in the drippable-liquid form, which exerts no or temporarily only low hydrostatic pressure on the sealing).
Pressing water (permanently exerts hydrostatic pressure on the sealing).
Building components that are in contact with soil are sealed in conjunction with new building structures within the framework of the raw construction measures, as well as later if the building substance has to be repaired, and in connection with sealing work that has been carried out in a defective manner.
Within the framework of new construction measures, sealings (e.g. of brick work adjoining the soil) are flatly applied externally or installed in the bearing joints of the rising brickwork as a so-called horizontal barrier. Both measures may be implemented jointly as well. The constructional design as well as associated material selections are specified in DIN 18 195.
“Bauwerksabdichtungen” [Building Structure Sealings], Parts 1 to 10, Berlin: Beuth Publishing Company; and in the ibh-Specifications “Bauwerksabdichtungen mit kaltverarbeitbaren, kunststoffmodifizierten Beschichtungsstoffen auf Basis von Bitumenemulsionen” [Building structure sealings with cold-processible, plastic-modified coating substances based on bitumen emulsions](July 1993), and “Bauwerksabdichtungen mit zementgebundenen starren und flexiblen Dichtungsschlämmen [Building structure sealings with cement-bound rigid and flexible sealing slurries] March 1992”. The publisher in each case is the “Industrieverband Bauchemie und Holzschutzmittel e.V”, Frankfurt.
Sealing measures implemented at a later time are, as a rule, carried out for the purpose of making repairs because of missing or on defective horizontal barriers, and, if need be, are carried out in conjunction with a vertical barrier located on the inside. At the time repairs are made, the outer zone is normally not accessible or only with substantial expenditure.
The load cases described herein are in the same sense applicable also to building materials and building components that are not in contact with soil, but which may come into contact with water because of the environmental conditions.
Building components that are in contact with soil and consist of water-impermeable concrete (WI-concrete) take up a special position. In these cases, the work joints (e.g. wall-soil interface) are sealed, for example by injection within the framework of the raw building measure. Other fields of application are, for example:
Protection of reinforced concrete against corrosion by repelling water or chloride solutions (see also “Korrosionsschutzprinzip WI” [principle of protection against corrosion] according to “Richtlinie für Schutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen Teile 1 bis 4” [Guideline for the protection and repair of concrete building components], Berlin: Deutscher Ausschuss fuar Stahlbeton, DAfStb, 1991-1992)
Protection of porous building materials against environmentally hazardous liquids (e.g. building components serving as secondary barriers—gas stations, collecting troughs etc.).
STATE OF THE ART
The current state of the art with respect to the practice of sealing porous building materials and building components is listed in the following table.
SEALING MEASURE
MATERIALS/METHODS (Examples)
Sealing against water
New
Vertical sealing
Thick bitumen coating
buildings
(against soil,
(surface coating with
flat application)
spatula).
Horizontal sealing
Insertion of bitumen or
plastic webs in bearing
joint of brickwork.
Later sealing of
Joint strips set in
work joints
concrete.
(WI-concrete)
insertion of swelling
strips prior to concreting
Insertion of injection hoses
prior to concreting;
injection of polyurethanes,
micro-concrete suspensions or
similar materials after
concreting.
Repairs
Vertical sealing
Flexible or rigid sealing
(new and old
(on side of inner
slurries
buildings)
space, flat
Water-impermeable plasters
application)
Horizontal sealing
Horizontal cutting method
with later installation of
e.g. plastic-reinforced
bitumen webs.
Corrugated stainless steel
sheets rammed in.
Bored hole injection
method (pressure
or pressureless application
of water-soluble or solvent-
containing materials)
Sealing against other liquids
New and old
Vertical sealing
Flat coating (several
Buildings
(wall surfaces)
layers, as a rule)
Horizontal sealing
Flat coating (several
(bottom surfaces)
layers, as a rule), taking
into account adequate non-
skid quality, resistance
to wear; in combination with
fused bitumen webs, if need
be (see also special bridge
sealings)
The above overview shows four important procedures employed for sealing building components that are in contact with soil:
(1) The sealing is applied to a substrate (concrete, brickwork etc.). With a sealing arranged against the soil, a “positive hydrostatic pressure” is assumed to be the load case, and with an arrangement in the inner side a “negative hydrostatic pressure”. The materials employed in this area can be subdivided in three groups (FIG.
1
): Impregnations penetrate the space of the pores to about 1 to 30 mm and act through a change in the surface properties of the pore walls without filling the pores or forming closed films (
FIG. 1
a
). Sealings penetrate the space of the pores to about 1 to 3 mm and completely fill said space and coat the outer surface of the building material with a thin film (
FIG. 1
b
). Coatings do not, or only to a minor degree penetrate the building material. Such coatings act through a coating on the outer surface of the building material (
FIG. 1
c
).
(2) The sealing is installed at a later time by injection in a gap or crack (water-impermeable concrete work joint or the like), whereby the gap or crack is filled with a sealing material, but the pore system of the building material remains unaffected to the greatest possible extent.
(3) The sealing is installed at a later time by injection in the pore system; the pore system of the building material is filled to the extent permitted by the solids content of the injected material and the depth of penetration. As a rule, the materials used heretofore cannot completely fill the pore system after they have cured.
(4) The pore system is mechanically severed and partially replaced by impermeable filling bodies.
Not all procures can be applied to porous building materials and building components that are not in contact with the soil but may be in contact with water or other liquids because of the environmental conditions.
Drawbacks of the Current Methods
Sealing porous building materials and building components on the inner side requires both special materials and constructional solutions that permit absorption of negative hydrostatic pressures, i.e. to withstand the tensile stresses exerted by the acting hydrostatic pressure. Special coatings that are impermeable to liquid are often applied
Littmann Klaus
Pleyers Gerd
Barr Michael
Collard & Roe P.C.
Pleyers Gerd
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