Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid
Patent
1996-10-11
1998-11-10
Freay, Charles G.
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
60 39182, 60 3952, F02G 300, F02C 708
Patent
active
058327126
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In 1989 the Norwegian government set the target that the total CO.sub.2 emissions in Norway in the year 2000 should be stabilized at the 1989 level. This led to the introduction of the CO.sub.2 tax in 1991, which thus motivated the Norwegian oil companies to study new methods and technologies in order thereby to reduce the total CO.sub.2 emissions.
The introduction of the CO.sub.2 tax on offshore combustion of natural gas has resulted in an increased interest in both energy conservation and the possibility of separating CO.sub.2 from gas turbine exhaust gases.
Several special considerations have to be taken into account when developing a CO.sub.2 removal process which is intended for use in offshore installations. The most crucial constraint is that space and weight are very expensive commodities offshore, and the equipment therefore has to be as compact and light weight as possible. Secondly, the CO.sub.2 removal process must be installed in such a manner that maintenance of the separation unit does not interfere with the availability of the oil production process on the platform. Thirdly, the prospects for the disposal of pure CO.sub.2 from offshore installations are good. CO.sub.2 can be compressed and injected either into deep sea water, aquifers, depleted oil/gas reservoirs or into reservoirs which are still in production. The latter can result in enhanced oil recovery.
At the First International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal (1992), several studies were presented related to CO.sub.2 removal from power-generating systems. De Ruyck (1992) proposed a combined CO.sub.2 and steam cycle, which is an extension of the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle. Bolland and Saether (1992) proposed several alternatives for simplifying CO.sub.2 removal. Several studies were published by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R & D Programme during 1992, but most of these focused on CO.sub.2 abatement from coal fired power plants. Yantovskii et al. (1992, 1993) described two different concepts for power plants without emissions of CO.sub.2 to air. However, these concepts are far from being commercially viable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the removal of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) which is obtained from the combustion of hydrocarbon gases. In particular, the present invention relates to the removal of CO.sub.2 from exhaust gases from heat engines, for the production and/or processing of oil and/or gas. A second aspect of the invention relates to the removal of CO.sub.2 which is obtained from the combustion of natural gas in a gas turbine on an oil/gas installation.
The present invention relates to a method for removing and preventing emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from exhaust gases from gas turbines for the production of oil and gas. The invention comprises the following steps: gas is converted to mechanical energy, unit for recovery of the heat content in the exhaust gas, of the exhaust gas has been reduced to 20.degree.-70.degree. C., the exhaust gas is passed to an absorption column containing an absorption liquid, where the carbon dioxide is absorbed in the said liquid, and the thereby purified exhaust gas, essentially free of carbon dioxide, is vented to the atmosphere, column where the CO.sub.2 is removed from the absorption liquid by heating to a temperature of 120.degree.-150.degree. C., CO.sub.2 is recycled to the absorption column and the separated CO.sub.2 gas is passed to a compression stage for compression and utilization or disposal.
The invention is characterized in that approximately 40% of the exhaust gas is recycled to the compressor air inlet for said gas turbine before the exhaust gas is passed to the absorption stage (c).
The power generation concepts have been evaluated in order to find the concept which constitutes the best possible combination of the following factors; low exhaust gas flow, high CO.sub.2 concentration, high efficiency and low weight. A combined cycle with recycling of 40% of the volume of the exhaust gas ba
REFERENCES:
patent: 4434613 (1984-03-01), Stahl
patent: 4528811 (1985-07-01), Stahl
Bjerve Yngvil
Bolland Olav
Falk-Pedersen Olav
Glittum Geir
R.o slashed.nning Svein O.
Freay Charles G.
Kvaerner ASA
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