Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid – External-combustion engine type
Patent
1982-02-22
1985-01-01
Koczo, Michael
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
External-combustion engine type
123316, 417298, F02G 302
Patent
active
044909713
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method for regulating the operating cycle in a combustion engine, where after induction, an operating medium which is preferably air, is compressed, supplied with fuel, combusted, performs work and flows out. The invention also relates to a combustion engine having a variable working volume.
In a conventional combustion engine, e.g. of the Otto type and intended for use in a vehicle, the amount of air required is regulated by means of a throttle in response to the actual engine load. The volume of inducted air will not change in response to the engine load, but the pressure of the inducted air will, and will thus vary in response to the throttle setting. This means that compression of all inducted air will yield a compression pressure in response to the throttle setting. In order to obtain good combustion, a richer fuel-air mixture is required at low engine load than at high engine load. Also, the temperature ratio between the combustion gases and the exhaust gases becomes lower at low engine load than at high engine load. This results in poor efficiency at low engine load.
In addition, at a certain throttle setting the pressure of the inducted air will decrease as the engine speed increases. This is due to the fact that the inlet valves "close too early" at increasing engine speeds. The result is that the engine torque curve descends at high engine speeds because the valve timing is not quite adequate for the full engine operating range.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned and to provide a combustion engine with improved efficiency.
This is achieved in accordance with the invention in that the quantity of operating medium is regulated by allowing the engine to suck in a maximum amount thereof, subsequent to which a regulatably great amount is allowed to flow out again without being compressed, and in that the remaining quantity of sucked-in operating medium is compressed and supplied with fuel.
Preferably a predetermined pressure level is obtained by compression, and fuel is supplied in proportion to the quantity of operating medium being compressed. By regulating the quantity of operating medium being compressed in response to the actual engine load, with a greater quantity for a greater load and a smaller quantity for a smaller load, very efficient engine operation is obtained.
A combustion engine that is provided with a work unit having work chambers in which operating medium, preferably air, is sucked in and compressed by means of operating means and performs work via said operating means after the supply of fuel and combustion, as well as a valve unit for regulating the flow to and from the work chambers is, according to the invention, characterized in that for each work chamber there is included in the valve unit an exhaust valve which, for regulating the utilized compression volume in the work chamber, is adapted to be open during a regulatably great portion of the initial phase of the compression movement of the operating means, whereby a regulatably great portion of the maximum quantity of operating medium sucked into the work chamber can be allowed to flow out again from the work chamber without being compressed.
Thus, according to the invention, no conventional throttle is used to control the amount of air used in the engine. Rather, the engine is allowed to induct all the time, without the presence of constrictions, the maximum amount of air possible, and then a controllable portion of said amount is allowed to leave the engine again without being compressed. The remaining amount of air is then compressed, and fuel is added for combustion. In this way it becomes possible to always compress the actually required amount of air to a predetermined pressure level, and it also becomes possible to always supply fuel in direct proportion to the amount of air compressed; a procedure that has hitherto not been possible. As a result, the engine will always, even at low load, operate at maximum efficiency, i.e. at conditions normally at hand in fu
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patent: 3919986 (1975-11-01), Goto
patent: 3939652 (1976-02-01), Hubers
patent: 3986351 (1976-10-01), Woods et al.
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