Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Production of hydrocarbon mixture from refuse or vegetation – From synthetic resin or rubber
Reexamination Certificate
1993-12-23
2001-07-10
Yildirim, Bekir L. (Department: 1764)
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Production of hydrocarbon mixture from refuse or vegetation
From synthetic resin or rubber
C585S541000, C585S634000, C585S637000, C585S638000, C585S648000, C585S650000, C585S653000, C585S912000, C585S942000, C585S943000, C208S126000, C208S404000, C208S405000, C208S406000, C588S253000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06258988
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Considerable research has been conducted recently in the area of producing olefins for use as industrial raw materials. Among the many uses of such commodity chemicals include plastic and fibers for consumption in packaging, transportation and construction industries. Of particular interest are areas of research focusing on production of olefins, such as ethylene, which is consumed principally in the manufacture of polyethylene, and substituted alkenes, such as ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride. Ethylene is also employed in the production of ethylene oxide, ethyl benzene, ethylene dichloride, ethylene-propylene elastomers and vinyl acetate.
The primary sources of olefins, such as ethylene include: steam cracking of organics, such as gas oils; off-gas from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in oil refineries, catalytic dehydration of alcohols; and recovery from coal-derived synthesis gas. However, the worldwide demand for olefins is extraordinary: the short fall in worldwide supply of ethylene alone was estimated in 1991 to be about 2.3 million tons, as determined by the Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International (1992). Further, known methods for producing olefins have significant drawbacks. For example, organic steam-cracking, which accounts for about 100% of ethylene production in the United States, is a mature technology which is highly sensitive to process variables, such as cracking severity, residence time and hydrocarbon partial pressure, as well as plant economics and price fluctuation. In addition, such processes are facing increasing environmental regulatory pressure to control systemic problems, such as leaks and failure from related equipment and safety concerns associated with olefin cracking.
Other listed production methods have even greater limitations. The availability of FCC off-gas, for example, generally prohibits its use as an economically viable feed stock. Catalytic dehydration of alcohols is effectively limited to certain countries that have large amounts of readily available fermentation raw material. Also, known methods for production of olefins from other sources, such as coal and coal-derived naphtha and methanol are, at best, only marginally commercially viable.
Therefore, a need exists for an improved method of producing olefins which significantly reduces or eliminates the above-mentioned problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for reforming organics into shorter-chain unsaturated organic compounds.
A molten metal bath is provided which can cause homolytic cleavage of an organic component of an organic-containing feed. The feed is directed into the molten metal bath at a rate which causes partial homolytic cleavage of the organic component of the feed. Conditions are established and maintained in the reactor to cause partial homolytic cleavage of the organic component to produce shorter-chain unsaturated organic compounds, which are discharged from the molten metal bath.
The present invention has many advantages. For example, the present invention provides good control over production of organics, such as alkenes, including ethylene. Also, high yields of ethylene are obtained by the present invention. The present method is a recycling process, employing solution equilibria to synthesize commercial products, such as methane, ethane and propane, from a wide variety of organic feeds, including most hazardous industrial wastes. The present invention also has the ability to sustain high product quality, irrespective of feed heterogeneity, including chemical or physical complexity. In addition, the invention provides flexibility to engineer the properties and composition of a ceramic phase generated by the method. Further, the present invention has the ability to recover and recycle volatile and nonvolatile materials.
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Griffin Thomas P.
Kinney Thomas A.
Nagel Christopher J.
Sparks Kevin A.
Hamilton Brook Smith & Reynolds P.C.
Quantum Catalytics, L.L.C.
Yildirim Bekir L.
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