Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices – circuits – and – Specific identifiable device – circuit – or system – Unwanted signal suppression
Reexamination Certificate
2001-11-29
2003-12-09
Cunningham, Terry D. (Department: 2816)
Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices, circuits, and
Specific identifiable device, circuit, or system
Unwanted signal suppression
C327S311000, C327S558000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06661281
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to suppression of noise, and more particularly to suppression of noise resulting from current surges in an integrated circuit.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Current surges in circuits comprising electronic components are well known. A current surge is a sudden, almost instantaneous, change (usually an increase) in the current that is flowing through a circuit or a component. In an integrated circuit, such a surge may result from a circuit block within the integrated circuit waking up from a sleep mode, for example. A current surge or large change in current is illustrated in FIG.
1
.
In
FIG. 1
, the current I is, initially, at a low value I
L
while a circuit block is in a sleep mode. This mode may result from inactivity or low activity of the circuit block for a predetermined amount of time or until a certain event occurs. Upon expiration of the predetermined amount of time or the occurrence of a triggering event, such as the activation of the circuit block (i.e., no longer in a sleep mode) at time t
H
for example; a current surge takes place. The surge may be caused by many factors such as an increase in impedance in another part of the integrated circuit relative to the impedance in the circuit block for example. Since the circuit block is no longer in the sleep mode, it may be considered to be in a wake-up mode. At time t
H
, therefore, the value of the current I
L
increases drastically to a much higher value I
H
almost instantly. The current in the circuit block may remain at this value (i.e., I
H
) until another sleep mode at time t
L
decreases the current to I
L
. In addition to subjecting circuit components to stresses, a large change in the current results in undesirable noise. Among other things, noise causes power and ground bounce that reduces the driving capability of a transistor leading to timing errors.
Other approaches for suppression of current surge include U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,849 (issued to Nakamura) for example. In Nakamura, a resistor element in parallel with a switching element is connected in series with an input circuit to break the circuit in response to an overcurrent or over heating. Another approach is the method of U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,455 (issued to McCafferty et al.), which discloses a current limiting circuit. Yet another approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,511 (issued to Boulanger et al.). According to Boulanger, a resistive device is provided in series with a load at initial turn-on, the device being shunted once the current inrush has passed.
Each of these patents involve the placement of a protective circuit (or circuit element) in series with another circuit (or circuit element) that is being protected from a current surge. The protection of circuit elements from current surge is needed in these patents as the elements cannot tolerate the current surge. Current surge subjects unprotected circuit elements to conditions that the elements are not designed for. As a result, the elements malfunction or more likely, the elements are destroyed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for reducing noise resulting from a current surge in a circuit. The method includes the steps of sequentially connecting a plurality of loading elements in parallel with the circuit and disconnecting the loading elements.
In other aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for slowing a current change in a circuit. The apparatus includes a plurality of loading elements placed in parallel with the circuit where the elements provide a path for current flow and a control circuit for selectively opening or closing at least one of the paths to prevent or enable current flow through the at least one of the paths. Accordingly, the apparatus protects circuits from noise resulting from a large and sudden current change. Moreover, the apparatus provides for a gradual ramping up of the current flowing through the circuit block such that large and sudden changes in the amount of current flow as well as the resulting noise in the circuit block are reduced or eliminated.
In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a circuit for decreasing noise resulting from current surges. The circuit includes a first node, a second node, a circuit block connected between the first node and the second node, and a ramp loading circuit connected between the first node and the second node where the ramp loading circuit includes a plurality of loading elements placed in parallel with the circuit block where each of the elements provide a path for current flow and a control circuit that selectively opens or closes at least one of the paths to prevent or enable current flow through the at least one of the paths.
In comparison to known prior art, certain embodiments of the invention are capable of achieving certain advantages, including some or all of the following: (1) methods and apparatus are capable of converging to a better solution than prior art solutions; and (2) the methods and apparatus are adaptable to variations from device to device. Those skilled in the art will appreciate these and other advantages and benefits of various embodiments of the invention upon reading the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the below-listed drawings.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3935511 (1976-01-01), Boulanger et al.
patent: 5079455 (1992-01-01), McCafferty et al.
patent: 5298797 (1994-03-01), Redl
patent: 5627736 (1997-05-01), Taylor
patent: 5726849 (1998-03-01), Nakamura
patent: 5914633 (1999-06-01), Comino et al.
patent: 6328212 (2001-12-01), Metlitasky et al.
patent: 6417727 (2002-07-01), Davis
Chang Norman
Huang Xuejue
Lin Shen
Nakagawa Osamu Samuel
Xie Weize
Cunningham Terry D.
Hewlett--Packard Development Company, L.P.
Tra Quan
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