Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Oxygen containing
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-24
2001-07-31
Shippen, Michael L. (Department: 1621)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Oxygen containing
Reexamination Certificate
active
06268538
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation and purification of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol by isomerisation of isopropenylphenol, its dimers or oligomers, separation of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trirnethylindan-5-ol and subsequent distillation of the crude product.
Various processes for preparing 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol, referred to below as bisphenol indane, are already known.
Thus U.S. Pat. No. 2,754,285 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,819,249 disclose a preparative route to indanes via the acid-catalysed dimerisation of &agr;-methylstyrene. The indanes are subsequently sulphonated and then saponified with potassium hydroxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,979,534 discloses that the monomeric isopropenylphenols obtained by decomposition of bisphenols can be dimerised in the presence of aromatic sulphonic acids or mineral acids at temperatures of 110 to 160° C. to form bisphenol indane. The decomposition of bisphenol and formation of indane may also be carried out in one step. A product of low purity, which even after recrystallisation from benzene/cyclohexane had a melting point of only 165-166° C., was obtained by this process.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,264,357 discloses the preparation of bisphenols by the reaction of a mixture of two isomeric forms of the dimeric isopropenylphenol with phenols in the presence of strong acids. It is reported that, in the absence of reactive phenols, bisphenol indane is formed at a reaction temperature of 90° C. According to U.S. Pat. No. 3,264,358, bisphenol indane can be obtained by the reaction of a mixture of the two isomeric forms of the dimeric isopropenylphenol with strongly acid catalysts, for example, by tempering for two hours in boiling concentrated hydrochloric acid.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,864 discloses the preparation of bisphenol indane by self-condensation of monomeric isopropenylphenol in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts at temperatures of from 50 to 150° C. and JP-A 60/35150 discloses the isomerisation of isopropenylphenol or of its oligomers in the presence of solid catalysts such as aluminum oxide or terra alba.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,106, bisphenol indane can be prepared by the reaction of isopropenylphenol or its oligomers in halogenated carboxylic acids or formic acid at temperatures of from 0 to 90° C.
According to JP-A 5/294879, bisphenol indane can be obtained by thermal decomposition of bisphenol A in the presence of activated clay and U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,463 discloses the formation of bisphenol indane as a by-product during the treatment of bisphenol A with aqueous sulphuric acid at 90 to 150° C. During both processes relatively large quantities of spirobisindane bisphenol are formed and this has to be separated from aromatic hydrocarbons by recrystallisation.
The processes described are in many cases still unsatisfactory for an industrial production of bisphenol indane for use as starting material for the production of plastics. An expensive purification by recrystallisation is necessary in order to obtain bisphenol indane in the purity required for this purpose. A process which can be carried out without a recrystallisation step has now been found.
This invention provides a process for the preparation and purification of bisphenol indane, wherein isopropenylphenol, its dimers or oligomers or mixtures thereof are isomerised in the presence of an acid catalyst, crude bisphenol indane is isolated from the reaction mixture and this crude product is purified by distillation under reduced pressure.
Isopropenylphenol or its dimers or oligomers are used as starting materials for the process according to the invention. These are easily accessible and can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,864 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,201,877.
The isomerisation is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent. A large number of different solvents are suitable for use as the solvent. Examples are hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene or xylene, alcohols such as methanol, n-propanol or n-butanol, carboxylic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid, propionic acid, halogenated carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride, substituted aromatics such as chlorobenzene or nitrobenzene; dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone are also suitable. Preferably chlorobenzene is used. The quantity of solvent is preferably two to three times the quantity of isopropenylphenol used.
The isomerisation reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst. Brønsted acids or Lewis acids may be used as catalysts for the process according to the invention. Examples are mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid, organic acids such as sulphonic acids or halogenated carboxylic acids, boron trifluoride and metal halides such as AlCl
3
, FeCl
3
or ZnCl
2
. Besides these heterogeneous catalyst systems may also be used, for example, in the form of a fixed bed. Examples are acidic ion-exchange resins, zeolites, oxides or hydroxides or mixed oxides of transition metals or of rare earths, heteropolyacids, Al
2
O
3
, SiO
2
and mixtures thereof. Preferably Lewis acids and particularly preferably boron trifluoride are used as catalysts. In a preferred embodiment of the process the catalyst is added, optionally in portions, in a quantity of from 0.002 to 5 wt. %, preferably from 0.3 to 0.5 wt. %, based on the quantity of isopropenyiphenol used, to the reaction mixture after heating to a temperature within the range of 60 to 110° C., preferably 70 to 90° C.
The isomerisation is carried out preferably at a temperature within the range of 0 to 160° C., particularly preferably at a temperature within the range of 110 to 150° C. and most preferably at 130 to 140° C. The reaction is allowed to take place for 1 to 600 minutes, particularly preferably for 2 to 60 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment, subsequent to the isomerisation reaction the reaction mixture is neutralised by the addition of a base. The neutralisation is carried out preferably at a temperature within the range of 60 to 100° C., particularly preferably at 70 to 90° C. A large number of different bases or their mixtures are suitable for the neutralisation. Examples are metal hydroxides such as NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Ca(OH)
2
, alcoholates such as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium phenylate, potassium methylate, potassium ethylate, potassium phenylate, magnesium methylate, magnesium ethylate, magnesium phenylate, calcium methylate, calcium ethylate, calcium phenylate, aluminum isopropylate, carboxylates such as sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, calcium formate, calcium acetate, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, hydrogen carbonates such as NaHCO
3
, KHCO
3
or NH
4
HCO
3
, mixtures of NH4HCO
3
and ammonium carbamate, ammonia, amines such as triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, methylamine and their solutions in water or in organic solvents which are immiscible with the reaction medium. Preferably aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used as base. If a base which forms a two-phase system with the reaction mixture is used, the organic phase containing the bisphenol indane is separated off after the neutralisation.
Following isomerisation and optional neutralisation, crude bisphenol indane is isolated from the reaction mixture. This is preferably effected by adding water to the reaction mixture and cooling and separating off the precipitate of crude bisphenol indane which forms. The quantity of water added is preferably one quarter to one third of the quantity of the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature preferably within the range of 0 to 30° C., particularly preferably to 0 to 10° C. The reaction mixture is maintained at this temperature preferably for 1
Fennhoff Gerhard
Laukötter Claudia
Stebani Jurgen
Westernacher Stefan
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Gil Joseph C.
Preis Aron
Shippen Michael L.
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