Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Patent
1998-08-07
2000-12-05
Prats, Francisco
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
435 96, 435 98, 435 99, 435274, 435276, 536 41, 536 63, 536 186, C12P 1944
Patent
active
061565431
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Process for preparing surfactant from cane trash, maize by-products, sorghum by-products, barley by-products, rice by-products, fruits, chicory pulp, tubers and Cynara.
The present invention relates to processes for preparing mixtures of alkyl glycosides which can be used as surfactants.
Grafting alkyl groups onto glucids produces surfactant agents with very valuable surface properties and generally with good biodegradability (R. D. Swisher, "Surfactant biodegradation", Marcel Dekker, Inc. NEW YORK, 1987).
The reaction which is most commonly found consists in glycosylating fatty alcohols with reducing sugars or intermediate glycosides. This is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst and the alkyl glycosides obtained are stable over a wide pH range, notably neutral and basic. The substrate most often used as reducing sugar is glucose. The glycosylation carried out starting with this sugar results in mixtures of alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides which are known for their surfactant properties. These will have numerous applications from now on in fields as varied as detergents, the chemical and parachemical industries or in the medical field and in biology (cf. for example WO 93 07160, WO 93 07249, DE 42 12 080 Al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,225).
In order to prepare these alkyl glucosides it is necessary to have large quantities of glucose. Obtaining this glucose from cornflour, for example, requires numerous steps. In fact, it is essential to eliminate the proteins and purify the glucose notably by the steps of filtration and chromatography on ion exchanger resins.
The major drawback of this approach is the high cost of the raw material, which is especially due to the use of a refined agricultural substance such as flour and the numerous steps for purifying the glucose. All this naturally limits the potential applications of these processes. Moreover, the reaction of glycosylation of the glucose or other hexoses is carried out at high temperature (100 to 150.degree. C.), causing the products to change colour.
American Patent 4,070,232 describes a process which comprises pre-hydrolysing vascular plants in an acid medium with heating and separating a liquid phase containing pentoses and hexoses from a fibrous phase. The sugars have to be purified before being used, optionally as sweeteners, substrates for animal feeds, wetting agents, surfactants, polyols, sequestering agents and emulsifiers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the steps in a process according to an embodiment of the invention where the starting substrate does not contain any pectins;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the steps in a process according to an embodiment of the invention where the starting substrate contains pectins and where the hydrolysis is performed with enzymes; and
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the steps in a process according to an embodiment of the invention where the starting substrate contains pectins and where the hydrolysis is performed with an aqueous acid solution.
The invention relates to a process for preparing surfactant agents, characterised in that it comprises contacting cane trash, maize by-products, sorghum by-products, barley by-products, rice by-products, fruits, chicory pulp, tubers or Cynara for at least 5 seconds with a hydrolysing agent selected from an aqueous acid solution at between 20 and 150.degree. C. and an enzymatic hydrolysing composition of a plant material at between 20 and 90.degree. C. to obtain a sugar syrup, if necessary, freeing the sugar syrup from any solid residues and contacting the residue-free sugar syrup with a C.sub.4-22 -alcohol at a temperature of between 20 and 150.degree. C., preferably between 30 and 110.degree. C., until a solution of surfactant glycosides is obtained, and separating the surfactant glycosides from this solution.
This process has the advantage of using sugars which are currently hardly used such as pentoses and uronic acids which are obtained, respectively, from the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and pectin, and of working w
REFERENCES:
patent: 4070232 (1978-01-01), Funk
patent: 4223129 (1980-09-01), Roth et al.
patent: 4338399 (1982-07-01), Weil et al.
patent: 4478854 (1984-10-01), Adler-Nissen et al.
patent: 5688930 (1997-11-01), Bertho et al.
Bertho Jean-Noel
de Baynast de Septfontaines Regis
Dubois Veronique
Mathaly Philippe
Agro Industrie Recherches et Developpements (A.R.D.)
Prats Francisco
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