Method for preparing of betaine alkyl ester mixture

Details Method for preparing of betaine alkyl ester mixture Method for preparing of betaine alkyl ester mixture

1999-12-10

2002-02-12

Badio, Barbara P. (Department: 1616)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice

Reexamination Certificate

active

06346259

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a betaine alkyl ester mixture, to a method for preparing the same and to a cosmetic for hair comprising the said mixture.
BACKGROUND ART
In giving good softness, smoothness and oily feeling to hair, an agent-form in which a surfactant is emulsified in a gelatinous state using a long-chain alcohol such as cetanol is used. With regard to the surfactant, cationic surfactants are suitable and, among them, betaine alkyl ester is a surfactant which is able to give softness, smoothness and oily feeling particularly in a wet state. Incidentally, the betaine alkyl ester may be glycine betaine alkyl ester.
With regard to a method for the preparation of the betaine alkyl ester, JP-A 49-76818 reports a preparing method where betaine is made to react with alcohol using a dehydrating solvent such as toluene and an acidic catalyst of a sulfonic acid type and JP-A 58-157750 reports a preparing method where monochloroacetate is made to react with trimethylamine in a dialkyl ketone solvent. However, in these methods, it is necessary to remove the solvent and, therefore, there is a disadvantage that the process for the preparation is long. There is a problem in safety unless the solvent is completely removed.
Incidentally, when a quaternizing reaction is carried out by the reaction of a halogen compound with an amine compound and then a product is used without removing the solvent from the reaction final product, water or ethanol is used as a solvent. However, when such a solvent is used, hydrolysis, transesterification with ethanol, etc. take place and, if the reaction final product is used as it is, there is a disadvantage that a long-chain alcohol cannot be emulsified into gelatinous state and that softness, smoothness and oily feeling to hair is not obtained.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for the preparation of a betaine alkyl ester mixture which is able to emulsify a long-chain alcohol even when the reaction final product is used and is able to give sufficient softness, smoothness and oily feeling to hair.
The present invention provides a method for preparing a betaine alkyl ester mixture, which comprises reacting a monohalogen-carboxylic acid alkyl-ester represented by the following formula (1):
R
1
—O—CO—R
2
-X  (1)
wherein R
1
is a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8-40 carbon atoms; R
2
is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1-5 carbon atoms; and X is a halogen atom;
with a tertiary amine represented by the following formula (2):
wherein R
3
, R
4
and R
5
are same as or different from each other and each of them is a linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group or hydroxyalkyl group having 1-24 carbon atoms, using a long-chain alcohol represented by following formula (3) as a reaction solvent:
R—OH  (3)
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8-40 carbon atoms on average;
to prepare the betaine alkyl ester mixture comprising a betaine alkyl ester represented by the following formula (4):
wherein R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
and X have the same meanings as defined above,
and the long-chain alcohol represented by the above-mentioned formula (3).
The present invention also provides a betaine alkyl ester mixture obtained by the above-mentioned method and a cosmetic for hair containing the said mixture. The present invention further offers an emulsion of the mixture. Furthermore, the present invention is a use of the betaine alkyl ester mixture as a cosmetic for hair. Still further, the present invention is a method for the treatment and make-up of hair with the betaine alkyl ester mixture.
Incidentally, the betaine alkyl ester of the present invention may be glycine betaine alkyl ester.
The betaine alkyl ester mixture obtained by the preparing method of the present invention can be used without removal of the long-chain alcohol used as a solvent and preparation thereof is possible by a simple preparing flow where the yield does not lower and neither removal nor recovery of the solvent is necessary. Moreover, the cosmetic for hair comprising the mixture prepared by the preparing method of the present invention has a good emulsifying ability for a long-chain alcohol and the like and is able to give good softness, smoothness and oily feeling to hair.
In the preparing method of the present invention, a step of separating the used solvent can be omitted. In addition, betaine ester can be obtained in a high yield.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the formula (1) for the compound (1), R
1
is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 10-36 carbons and particularly preferably 12-22 carbons, and R
2
is preferably selected from a methylene group, an ethylene group and an n-propylene group. With regard to X, a chlorine atom is particularly preferred. The compound (1) is a product of esterification of alcohol with a monohalogen-carboxylic acid or its lower alcohol ester, acidchloride, acid anhydride, etc. Thereof and its examples are cetyl monochloroacetate, stearyl monochloroacetate, tetradecyl monobromoacetate and cetyl monochloropropionate. Cetyl monochloroacetate is preferred.
In the formula (2) for the compound (2), each of R
3
, R
4
and R
5
is preferred as methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl groups. Example of the compound (2) includes trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, dimethylpropanolamine and triethanolamine. Trimethylamine and dimethylethylamine are preferred.
In the formula (3) for the compound (3) used as a solvent, the number of carbon atoms in R is 8-40, preferably 12-20, and particularly preferably 14-18. When the number of carbon atoms in R is 8 or more, smell and emulsification of the product are good, and when the number of carbon atoms is 40 or less, melting point of the product is low whereby its handling is easy. Example of the compound (3) includes long-chain alcohols having a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group and a mixture thereof; preferably includes long-chain alcohols having a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12-26 carbons; and further preferably includes long-chain alcohols such as cetanol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, icosanol, behenyl alcohol, tetracosanol and ceryl alcohol. More preferred ones are tetradecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetanol, stearyl alcohol and a mixture thereof, and cetyl alcohol is particularly preferred. In cetanol of the present invention, cetyl alcohol is a main component and higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol are comprised therein.
With regard to the molar ratio of the compounds (1) to (2) in the quaternization, (1):(2)=1:1-1:1.5 is preferably and more preferably 1:1.01-1:1.2. The ratio by weight of the sum of the compounds (1) and (2) to the compound (3), i.e. [(1)+(2)]:(3), is preferably 5:95-95:5, more preferably 20:80-90:10 and particularly preferably 40:60-80:20, and it is preferred to set so as to make the melting point of the reaction final product 100° C. or lower.
The compound (3) which is a reaction solvent may be added at the quaternizing stage, or in the preparation of the compound (1), may be used in such a manner that the starting alcohol is used excessively to the monohalogen-carboxylic acid and used as it is as a solvent for quaternization.
An example of the preparation of the compound (4) by the method of the present invention is that all amount of the compound (2) is added to a mixture of the compounds (1) and (3) under a high pressure of 0.1-1.0 MPa and made to react at the reaction temperature of 40-100° C. for 1-5 hours. Alternatively, the reaction may be carried out by adding the compound (2) gradually.
For the betaine alkyl ester mixture prepared as such, because the compound (3) used as a solvent is an oily component. Therefore, it is possible that the reaction final product may be used, as it is, without removal of the compound (3) to be compounded in a cosmetic and then to

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