Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1990-09-24
1992-07-07
Morris, Theodore
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 43, 127 66, 127 55, 127 462, C13D 306, C13D 100, C13D 312, C13F 300
Patent
active
051279568
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a mixture of fructose, glucose and oligosaccharides with the general formula GF.sub.n, wherein G is glucose and F is fructose and d is an integer, comprising calculated as dry matter 10-25% by weight of G+F+GF, 8-20% by weight of GF.sub.2, 8-15% by weight of GF.sub.3, and 74-40% by weight of GF.sub.4 and above. The mixture is useful as a low-calorie material with sweet taste.
BACKGROUND ART
Sucrose has heretofore been widely used in confectionary and food by virtue of its excellent characteristics, such as good sweetness, body, taste and crystallinity. Sucrose, however constitutes a substrate for dextransucrase produced by intraoral microorganisms, and, as a result, consecutive intake of sucrose leads to formation of large amounts of insoluble dextran in the mouth. Thereby formation of dental plaque is accelerated. Therefore sucrose is said to possess cariogenicity. Recently there has been a trend to reduce the calorie intake for prevention of obesity and a low-calorie sweet material instead of a high-calorie one, such as sucrose, has been demanded.
For this reason many suggestions have been made as to find a sweet material for replacing sucrose, such as the artifical sweeteners saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, sorbitol and many others.
Such alternative sweeteners are widely used but also possess several disadvantages, such as a bitter tang or aftertaste. Furthermore, some of the artificial sweeteners are suspected to be carcinogenic.
These disadvantages, especially the suspicion of being carcinogenic - a recurrent subject in the public debate have made consumers reluctant to use products containing any type of artificial sweetener.
It is known that the Dahlia tubers contain a polysaccharide known as inulin. According to Merck Index, 10th edition, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, N.J., U S A, 1983, p 725, Index no. 4872, it has the formula GF.sub.n with n being of an average value of approx. 37. The preparation of inulin from dahlia tubers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,285,735.
It is also known that chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke tubers contain corresponding polysaccharides or oligosaccharides with the general formula GF.sub.n. The value of n varies depending on the raw plant material in question, cf. e.g. S. E. Fleming et al., Preparation of high-fructose syrup from the tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 11, 1.23, 1979, U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,377 and EP patent application no. 0 201 676/A2.
The interest in these polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in form of inulin or inulin-like compounds (inulides) has until now been directed to the large content of fructose moities in said compounds. They are thus a useful source for the preparation of fructose, especially with regard to using the fructose as nutrient replenisher and sweetener.
EP patent application 0 201 676 discloses a method for preparing a low-glucose cleavage product from plant parts said cleavage product comprising inulin-like oligo- or polysaccharides. According to this method the extracted oligo- or polysaccharides are subjected to treatment with the enzyme inulinase in order to decompose them to fructose and fructose-oligomers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,377 discloses a method where the inulin-like oligosaccharides obtained from Jerusalem artichoke tubers or chicory roots, are subjected to partial or substantially complete hydrolysis.
Further prior art disclosing the general state of the art comprises the following.
GB-PS no. 1.405.987 discloses the preparation of a mixture of fructose and glucose, i.e. invert sugar, by crystallization.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,555,356 discloses the preparation of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke. The inulin obtained is used as a substitute for starch and for the preparation of levulose and alcohol.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,272 discloses a method for the preparation of fructose from xerophyte plants, for example Agave.
DE-OS 3.211.776 discloses a method for obtaining juice from Jerusalem artichoke to b
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Hansen Ole C.
Madsen Rud F.
Danisco A/S
Hailey P. L.
Morris Theodore
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