Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1992-03-17
1993-10-19
Morris, Theodore
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 42, 127 462, 127 30, 127 55, 127 66, C13D 314, C13D 100
Patent
active
052541746
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a mixture of fructose, glucose and compounds of the general formula GF.sub.n, wherein G is glucose and F is fructose and n is an integer, where the mixture is recovered from plant tubers or roots by means of a method which does not involve any chemical modification of the components of the mixture. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of such a mixture for preparing a low-calorie foodstuff or beverage for animals or human beings.
BACKGROUND ART
The method according to the present invention is a development of the method disclosed in Danish patent application No. 1592/88, filed 23 Mar. 1988, and the corresponding PCT-application No. PCT/DK89/00065 (WO 89/09288), and relating to a method for preparing a mixture of fructose, glucose and compounds of the general formula GF.sub.n, wherein G is glucose and F is fructose and n is an integer, said mixture comprising calculated as dry matter 10-20% by weight of G+F+GF, 10-20% by weight of GF.sub.2, 8-15% by weight of GF.sub.3, and 72-45% by weight of GF.sub.4 and above by recovering said mixture from plant tubers or roots by means of a method which does not involve any chemical modification of the components of the mixture.
The mixture prepared according to DK patent application No. 1592/88 is useful as a low-calorie material with sweet taste.
Sucrose has heretofore been widely used in confectionary and food by virtue of its excellent characteristics, such as good sweetness, body, taste and crystallinity. Sucrose, however, constitutes a substrate for dextransucrase produced by intraoral microorganisms, and, as a result, consecutive intake of sucrose leads to formation of large amounts of insoluble dextran in the mouth. Thereby formation of dental plaque is accelerated. Therefore, sucrose is said to possess cariogenicity. Recently, there has been a trend to reduce the calorie intake for prevention of obesity and a low-calorie sweet material, instead of a high-calorie one, such as sucrose, has been demanded.
For this reason many suggestions have been made as to find a sweet material for replacing sucrose, such as the artifical sweeteners saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, sorbitol and many others.
Such alternative sweeteners are widely used but also possess several disadvantages, such as a bitter tang or aftertaste. Furthermore, some of the artificial sweeteners are suspected to be carcinogenic.
These disadvantages, especially the suspicion of being carcinogenic--a recurrent subject in the public debate--have made consumers reluctant to use products containing any type of artificial sweetener.
It is known that the dahlia tubers contain a polysaccharide known as inulin. According to Merck Index, 10th edition, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, N.J., U S A, 1983, p. 725, Index No. 4872, it has the formula GF.sub.n with n being of an average value of approx. 37. The preparation of inulin from dahlia tubers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,285,735.
It is also known that chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke tubers contain corresponding polysaccharides or oligosaccharides with the general formula GF.sub.n. The value of n varies depending on the raw plant material in question, cf. e.g. S. E. Fleming et al. Preparation of high-fructose syrup from the tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 11, 1-23, 1979, U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,377 and EP patent application No. 0 201 676/A2.
The interest in these polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in form of inulin or inulin-like compounds (inulides) has until now been directed to the large contents of fructose moities in said compounds. They are thus a useful source for the preparation of fructose, especially with regard to using fructose as nutrient replenisher and sweetener.
EP patent application 0 201 676 discloses a method for preparing a low-glucose cleavage product from plant parts, said cleavage product comprising inulin-like oligo- or polysaccharides. According to this method the extracted oligo- or po
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Hansen Ole
Jensen John
Danisco A/S
Hailey P. L.
Morris Theodore
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