Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Patent
1997-05-29
2000-07-18
Fredman, Jeffrey
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
435 6, 435 911, 536 243, 536 2431, 536 2432, 536 2433, C12P 1934, C12Q 168, C07H 2104
Patent
active
060905921
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention features methods and apparatus for performing nucleic acid hybridization and amplification processes on a support. Such methods and apparatus are useful for synthesizing nucleic acid and detecting target nucleic acid for diagnostics and therapeutics.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The following definitions are provided to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. The term "biological binding pair" as used in the present application refers to any pair of molecules which exhibit natural affinity or binding capacity. For the purposes of the present application, the term "ligand" will refer to one molecule of the biological binding pair and the term "antiligand" or "receptor" will refer to the opposite molecule of the biological binding pair. Two complementary strands of nucleic acid are biological binding pairs. One of the strands is designated the ligand and the other strand is designated the antiligand. However, biological binding pairs may also comprise antigens and antibodies, drugs and drug receptor sites and enzymes and enzyme substrates.
The term "probe" refers to a ligand of known qualities capable of selectively binding to a target antiligand. As applied to nucleic acids, the term "probe" refers to a strand of nucleic acid having a base sequence complementary to a target base sequence. Typically, the probe is associated with a label to identify a target base sequence to which the probe binds, or the probe is associated with a support to bind to and capture a target base sequence. The term "primer" is used to refer to nucleic acid having a base sequence complementary to a target base sequence, which upon nucleic acid hybridization is used to promote a reaction. These reactions usually involve enzymes called polymerases and transcriptases.
The term "label" refers to a molecular moiety capable of detection including, by way of example, without limitation, radioactive isotopes, enzymes, luminescent agents, dyes and detectable intercalating agents. The term "agent" is used in a broad sense, in reference to labels, and includes any molecular moiety which participates in reactions which lead to a detectable response. The term "cofactor" is used broadly to include any composition which participates in reactions with a label agent.
The term "support" refers to conventional supports such as beads, particles, dipsticks, fibers, filters, membranes and silane or silicate supports such as glass.
The term "amplify" is used in the broad sense to mean creating an amplification product which may include, by way of example, additional target molecules, or target-like molecules or molecules complementary to the target molecule, which molecules are created by virtue of the presence of the target molecule in the sample. In the situation where the target is a nucleic acid, an amplification product can be made enzymatically with DNA or RNA polymerases or transcriptases.
Genetic information is stored in living cells in threadlike molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In vivo, the DNA molecule is a double helix, each strand of which is a chain of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is characterized by one of four bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The bases are complementary in the sense that due to the orientation of functional groups certain base pairs attract and bond to each other through hydrogen bonding. Adenine in one stand of DNA pairs with thymine in an opposing complementary stand. Guanine in one strand of DNA pairs with cytosine in an opposing complementary strand. In ribonucleic acid (RNA), the thymine base is replaced by uracil (U) which pairs with adenine in an opposing complementary strand.
DNA consists of covalently linked chains of deoxribonucleotides and RNA consists of covalently linked chains of ribonucleotides. The genetic code of a living organism is carried upon DNA in the sequence of the base pairs. Proteins are made or expressed by living organisms in a process in which a DNA sequence is transcribed to a RNA sequence and the
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Adams Christopher P.
Kron Stephen J.
Fredman Jeffrey
Mosaic Technologies Inc.
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
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