Optical communications – Diagnostic testing – Determination of communication parameter
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-17
2004-12-28
Phan, Hanh (Department: 2633)
Optical communications
Diagnostic testing
Determination of communication parameter
C398S025000, C398S027000, C398S033000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06836620
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The subject matter of the application relates to a method for monitoring the signal quality in transparent optical transmission paths, and the method asynchronously samples the signal, determines the position of the local maximum a for the low logic 0 and a maximum b for a high logic state 1, and determines a signal quality parameter Q from the distribution.
Such a method is disclosed in DE 195 04 896.
Optical networks on the basis of high bit rate, fiber-based transmission paths with optical switches and, possibly, also using optical frequency-division multiplex represent the future transport network for telecommunications. Already existing networks will be supported on this network, which will initially be installed as an overlay.
The further development to be expected with communications networks makes it necessary to design the optical networks to be as transparent as possible for their users. Various levels of transparency are possible in this case. It is thus necessary to distinguish whether a network is transparent with regard to the type of modulation, the line code, the clock frequency and/or the transmission format—that is to say, for example, the choice between a plesiochronous or synchronous digital hierarchy. A range of combinations are of practical importance in this case, with a network of maximum transparency being transparent with regard to type of modulation, line code, clock frequency and transmission format, with the type of modulation being defined for a lower level of transparency, with the freedom with regard to the line code also being lacking in an even lower transparency level, and with low transparency providing only freedom with regard to the transmission format.
The management of networks makes it necessary to monitor the transmission quality. In synchronous digital hierarchy networks or in ATM transmission networks, this function is provided by forming so-called bit interleaved parity (BIP), that is to say bit parity over a block of user data. The result of the parity calculation is in this case also transmitted in addition to the user data from the transmitter node to the receiver node where an assessment of the transmission quality and the identification of transmission errors are possible by comparing the newly calculated parity with the received value. However, this method is dependent on direct access to the user data being possible in each network node, which runs counter to the users' wishes for the greatest possible transparency in the transmission paths.
Apart from monitoring the transmission quality by investigating the bit parity, it is also known for at least one channel of an optical frequency-division multiplex signal to be reserved for monitoring purposes in each case. The information flows required for network management then run via this channel, with the parameters for this channel being reliably known, and with sufficient transmission capacity for test sequences generally being available. Although reliable information about the transmission quality of high-transparency networks is obtained in this way, this is dependent on the monitoring channel being representative of all the other transmission channels. The hypothesis that all the channels in an optical frequency-division multiplex system are affected equally by a disturbance is, however, not valid in many cases. Particularly in optical networks, there are a range of channel-selective disturbance sources, such as channel crosstalk, ripple from optical amplifiers, conversion of phase noise into amplitude noise on filter flanks, as well as other disturbance possibilities, so that the evaluation of a monitoring signal transmitted in a single channel need not necessarily provide reliable information about the transmission quality of the optical network. A further limitation to the validity of this method results from the fact that the monitoring channel is terminated in each optical switching apparatus by, a so-called cross connect switch, and does not pass through either a coupling network or a frequency converter and, based on the present level of knowledge, the frequency converter in particular has a critical influence on the signal quality.
In the method described in DE 195 04 896, amplitude samples are taken asynchronously with respect to the signal clock, and the central moments of the sample are calculated from these samples. These are then compared with empirically obtained reference values, and a statement relating to the signal quality is derived from this comparison. The sample evaluation by means of the moments is a method which is highly suitable provided the fundamental population on which the sample is based has a single-mode probability density function. However, this is not the case with the present problem.
Thus, in transparent optical networks, it is necessary to monitor the quality of the signals transported by the network without having to access payload-specific overhead information, since this would destroy the transparency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The subject matter of the application is based on the problem of specifying a method for monitoring the signal quality in transparent optical transmission paths, by means of which it is firstly possible to make absolute statements on the signal quality and, furthermore, which is more sensitive.
For the subject matter outlined initially, this problem is solved by an improvement of determining at least one maximum of the two maxima just from values of the probability density function, which belong to a flank of the maximum which faces away from the other maximum.
The subject matter of the application makes use of the knowledge that the form of the function in the ranges s<a and s>b is independent of synchronous sampling or asynchronous sampling and provides an absolute statement about the signal quality and a high sensitivity, taking account of the bimodality of the probability density function of the amplitude samples.
The subject matter of the application will be explained in more detail in the following text as an exemplary embodiment and to an extent required for understanding, based on the following Figures.
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patent: 6069718 (2000-05-01), Khaleghi
patent: 6320687 (2001-11-01), Ishikawa
patent: 6396601 (2002-05-01), Takara et al.
patent: 195 04 896 (1996-08-01), None
Bergano et al, “Margin Measurements in Optical Amplifier Systems”,IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 5, No. 3, Mar. 1993, pp. 304-306.
Press, “Numerical Recipes in Pascal”, Cambridge University Press 1992, pp. 507-509.
Bell Boyd & Lloyd LLC
Phan Hanh
Siemens Atkiengesellschaft
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