Optics: measuring and testing – Lamp beam direction or pattern
Patent
1990-05-10
1992-06-23
Rosenberger, Richard A.
Optics: measuring and testing
Lamp beam direction or pattern
2503362, 357 5, G01J 100
Patent
active
051237334
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the area of measurement of the major characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, and more specifically to a method for measuring the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation intensity.
PRIOR ART
Known in the art is a method for measuring the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation intensity (J. M. Lloyd Thermal Imaging Systems, 1978, Moscow, Mir, (in Russian)), wherein a fragment of the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation intensity is directed to a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, with subsequent scanning, i.e. successive variation in time of the receiver position (x.sub.n (t), y.sub.n (t)) relative to the distribution W(x,y) under sturdy, and the receiver's electric signal .DELTA.I is measured as a function of its position (x.sub.n (t), y.sub.n (t)), with this signal's time dependence I(t) processed to improve the signal
oise ratio and contrast, and finally the time dependence .DELTA.I(x.sub.n (t), y.sub.n (t)) is transformed into a stationary optical image.
The necessity of successive scanning, usually performed with the aid of optico-mechanical devices, complicates these measurements and causes an inadequate sensitivity and resolution of this method.
Also known in the art is a method for measuring the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation intensity (J. M. Lloyd Thermal Imaging Systems, 19878, Moscow, Mir, (in Russian)) Radioelektronika za rubezhom, issue 5, 1985, L. F. Burlak, "Mozaichnie infrakrasnie datchiki" ("Mosaic IR sensors"), p. 2.--In Russian), differing from the preceeding one by the use of arrays of N receiver elements, both linear and two-dimensional, and continuous structures of the SPRITE type (GB, B, 148258; Radiotekhnika za rubezhom, issue 5, 1985, L. F. Burlak, "Mozaichnie infrakrasnie datchiki" ("Mosaic IR sensors"), p. 6.--In Russian).
This method provides for a N.sup.1/2 times improvement of the signal
oise ratio. However, this method also uses scanning, this, along with the difficulty of simultaneously recording and processing N time dependencies of .DELTA.I.sub.n (t) electric signals, substantially complicates the method. Furthermore, in a method using multielement arrays of receivers it is impossible to ensure high spatial resolution due to crosstalk interference between array elements.
Also known in the art is a method for measuring spatial intensity distributions (D. W. Davies "Spatially multiplexed infrared cameras", J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 707-711), wherein the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation is code converted into an electric signal with the aid of a set of orthogonal optical transmitting masks and a radiation receiver, coding conversion is varied by replacing one coding mask with another, the dependence of the electric signal on the coding conversion parameters is measured by recording the electric signal .DELTA.I.sub.i at the output of the receiver for each i=th coding masks, after which injective decoding mapping of the measured dependence of the electric signal from the parameters of the coding conversion is performed on a computer.
Optical coding as the first step of coding conversion is usually carried out with the aid of mechanically shifted optical masks, so that resolution in this method is determined by the size of the least element in the coding mask. Engineering difficulties limit the smallest size attainable of smallest mask elements, while the accuracy of their fabrication determines not only the resolution, but also the accuracy of spatial distribution measurements (L. N. Soroko, "Multiplexnie systemi izmerenij v fizike" ("Multiplexed measurement systems in physics"), Moscow, Atomizdat, 1980, pp. 31-32.--In Russian). Moreover, smaller element size in coding masks impairs the efficiency of optical coding due to radiation diffraction at the small-size elements of coding masks, this restricting expanding the use of this method to the longer infrared range, where the wavelength approaches the minimal size d.sub.min of the coding
REFERENCES:
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Zappe, H. H., "High-Gain Josephson Device" IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin vol. 15, No. 1, Jun. 1972, pp. 241-242.
Dzh. Lloid "Systemy Teplovidenia", 1978, Radioelecktronika Za Rubezhom. Obzory, 5, 1985.
"Mozaihnye Ik-Datchike", pp. 2, 6, 10 (Jan. 1985).
Physical Review B, vol. 31, No. 9, "Nonlocal Response of Josephson Tunnel Junctions to a Focused Laser Beam" (May 1, 1985).
Applied Physics Letters, 1985, vol. 46, No. 1.
Josephson Effect Fizika I Primenenie, Moscow "MIR" 1984.
Multipleksnye Systemy Izmerenii V Fizike, L. M. Soroko (no date).
Self-Contained Automatic Recorder of the DC Josephson Current Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49(12) Dec. 1978, pp. 1732-1734.
Physical Review B, vol. 3, No. 9 "Super-Current Density Distribution in Josephson Junctions" (May 1, 1971).
Inverse Source Problems in Optics "Obratnye Zadachi V. Optike"(no date).
Journal of the Optical Society of Amerika, vol. 65, No. 6, "Spatialy Multiplexed Infrared Camera"(Jun. 1975).
Institut Radiotekhniki i Elektroniki Akademiinauk SSSR
Rosenberger Richard A.
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