Glass manufacturing – Processes of manufacturing fibers – filaments – or preforms – With purifying or homogenizing molten glass
Patent
1998-04-08
2000-10-03
Derrington, James
Glass manufacturing
Processes of manufacturing fibers, filaments, or preforms
With purifying or homogenizing molten glass
65475, 65479, 65482, 65502, C03B 37075, C03B 37095
Patent
active
061256609
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of mineral fibres, in particular continuous mineral fibres, from rock, glass-containing industrial wastes and technical glass wastes, and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Silicate fibres which have solidified in the vitreous state are customarily termed mineral fibres. These include glass fibres and fibres of silicate raw materials. A distinction is made in the broadest sense between short fibres (staple fibres, discrete fibres, rock wool) and continuous fibres.
Mineral fibres are widely used in various areas of technology and new fields of use/applications are currently constantly being developed. The numerous potential methods for producing mineral fibres having optimum properties have doubtless not yet been completely developed. One reason is the variety of potential uses with the corresponding variety of specific requirements of fibre properties.
The production of mineral/glass fibres for the most varied applications is well developed. In such cases, the composition of the glasses and the parameters of the fibres are matched to the particular application. The development of novel mineral fibres which can be produced, processed (and afforded) industrially, is an extremely multiparametric problem in which a multiplicity of optimization tasks must be solved. Only some important factors to be taken into account may be mentioned selectively, such as the number and form of the starting components, homogeneity, temperature profile, viscosity-temperature relationship, tendency to crystallization, processing range, surface tension, technological limits, fibre properties etc. Although these objects may be solvable technologically, they frequently require unjustifiable economic expenditure.
The most widespread/most widely used mineral fibres are without doubt glass fibres. This applies in particular to continuous fibres. In the production of the known glass fibres, raw materials are used which are ecologically hazardous, or their isolation/production and their use as glass raw material leads to environmental pollution. Furthermore, the availability of certain glass raw materials is restricted, and their costs are constantly increasing. Making glasses by melting mixtures of raw materials is associated with a high energy expenditure and requires extensive measures for purifying the exhaust gases resulting in the melting.
On the other hand, it is known that some, occasionally widespread, types of rock, and industrial wastes, such as slags, ashes and dusts, because of their chemical composition, can be used for glass production.
Wastes of technical glasses, such as television picture tubes, computer monitors, luminescent lamps and other glasses used in electronics are generally stored to date as special waste in landfills; in certain cases, this applies even to the wastes arising in production and processing. On the other hand, these glasses contain components which advantageously affect the physico-chemical properties of glass filaments or glass fibres produced therefrom.
Use of rocks for the manufacture of various types of mineral wools is known. However, the corresponding melts have a high tendency to crystallization and a viscosity-temperature dependency which enables forming (fibre formation) only in a very narrow temperature interval. As a result of the intensive melt coloration, the thermal conductivity within the melt is low and, in comparison to the melts used in glass fibre production, an altered heat radiation behaviour is produced, and, resulting therefrom, other conditions in the heat and mass flows within the melt.
Rock melts are also differentiated from the glass melts with regard to the wetting behaviour of the Pt and PtRh bushing material. In order to overcome the flooding of orifice plate of the bushing device, higher viscosities (i.e. lower temperatures) must be employed. This increases the risk of melt crystallization, and the productivity falls.
Conventionally, to produce continuous fibres, the rock raw materials are melted with add
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Gorobinskaya Valentina
Kravtchenko Irina
Medwedjew Alexander
Sojref Dalik
Thamm Dirk
Burger Gerhard
Derrington James
Gorobinskaya Valentina
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