Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture – Methods – Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Statutory Invention Registration
1996-08-01
2001-11-06
Carone, Michael J. (Department: 3641)
Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
Methods
Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
C156S196000, C156S244230, C156S244270, C264S288400, C264S293000, C428S304400, C428S308400
Statutory Invention Registration
active
H0002000
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to polyolefin films having greatly increased water vapor transmission rate, herein after denoted as WVTR and methods of making same. More specifically this invention is directed toward filled polyethylene films having increased WVTR at a given filler loading, and a given set of process conditions.
BACKGROUND
Preparation of films having good WVTR from highly filled polymers, usually polyolefins, are known. In the past a combination of a polyolefin, usually a polyethylene, with a filler, usually CaCO
3
, while very useful and widely used as a film with good WVTR, usually in combination with non-woven polymers (for use in diapers, adult incontinence devices, feminine hygiene articles, housewrap composites, roofing materials and the like), have had some limitations that were well known in the industry.
Among these limitations are a practical limitation in thickness (also expressed as basis weight) in that conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polymers, more specifically linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) highly filled film formulations could not generally be drawn down below 3 mils. The most obvious problem with such a limitation is that the user of the film could not make a product utilizing a lower thickness film, meaning that the cost of the film (usually sold on a weight basis) might have been higher than the application necessitated. A less obvious issue is that at lower thicknesses, for the same density resin at the same filler loading, the product would be relatively softer than higher thicknesses, an attribute of importance in any article that comes in contact with humans, such as apparel.
Another limitation of previous polyethylene/filler films is that for a given filler loading, with conventional Z-N catalyzed polyethylene resins, is WVTR, limited (on the upper end) by the amount of post-extrusion orientation that could be practically achieved. Additionally, the imperfections often found in conventional Z-N resins and films, such as gels, made reaching and maintaining a high rate of production difficult, and a high level of orientation might often lead to breaks, holes, or tear offs in the film leading to lower prime production rates.
Yet another limitation of the conventional Z-N filled and oriented films is related to both WVTR and production rates. Specifically, with a given conventional filled polyethylene, to attain a certain WVTR, a certain filler loading had to be used. In general, within limits, the higher the filler loading, the more difficult to process ( the above referenced production problems such as large void creation and tear offs are exacerbated by a higher filler loading, as the film maker seeks to maximize production rates).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,777,073 suggests a permeability and strength of polyethylene/filler combinations may be attained by combining a LLDPE described as being made using a Zeigler-Natta or chromium catalysts, with fillers such as CaCO
3
present in the LLDPE from 15 to 35 percent by volume which is equivalent to 34-62% by weight.
There is a commercial need therefore for a polyethylene filler combination that will give a higher WVTR at a given filler loading, at an equivalent thickness. There is a similar need for a polyethylene filler combination that can deliver equivalent WVTR at lower filler loadings and can be made at a lower basis weight, than a conventional Z-N polyethylene/filler combination.
SUMMARY
We have discovered that making a film from a polyethylene/filler combination using a metallocene catalyzed polyethylene, surprisingly and unexpectedly provides the ability to achieve a substantially higher WVTR (at comparable filler loading and thickness), a lower thickness (or basis weight) (at comparable filler loading and orientation), and can achieve an equivalent WVTR at lower filler loadings (improving processability) when compared to conventional Z-N polyethylene/filler combination.
The metallocene catalyzed polyethylenes (m-polyethylene) will have a molecular weight distribution (defined as the ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight M
w
/M
n
) generally less than 3, preferably less than 2.5.
The drawdown of a filled m-polyethylene will be more than 10, preferably more than 20, more preferably more than 30 percent less than the ultimate drawdown of a filled Z-N polyethylene, where the relationship in the filled Z-N polyethylene between the filler amount and basis weight (minimum) for films follow the general equation:
W=
2.10+0.380 (weight % CaCO
3
)
where W is the minimum basis weight in g/m2 in the film.
The relationship is at constant draw (orientation transverse direction or TD) of 2.7:1, line speed 340 feet per minute (fpm). For m-polyethylene filled formulations the following general equation applies:
W=
3.07 +0.207 (weight % CaCO
3
)
Additionally the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a filled m-polyethylene is at least 10 percent greater, preferably at least 20 percent, more preferably at least 30 percent greater than a filled Z-N polyethylene, at the same filler loading and thickness (basis weight), where the Z-N polyethylene/filler WVTR is described by the equation:
WVTR=−
10,900+320 (weight % CaCO
3
)
where the WVTR is in g/m
2
/124 hours, measured at 37.8° C., 90% RH. While a film including a m-polyethylene and filler follows the general equation:
WVTR=−
9967+358 (weight % CaCo
3
)
The relationship is at constant draw (orientation TD) of 2.7:1, line speed 340 feet per minute (fpm).
REFERENCES:
patent: 4350655 (1982-09-01), Hoge
patent: 4472328 (1984-09-01), Sugimoto et al.
patent: 4777073 (1988-10-01), Sheth
patent: 4929303 (1990-05-01), Sheth
patent: 5008204 (1991-04-01), Stehling
patent: 5055338 (1991-10-01), Sheth et al.
patent: 5169712 (1992-12-01), Tapp
patent: 5206075 (1993-04-01), Hodgson, Jr.
patent: 5382630 (1995-01-01), Stehling et al.
patent: 5470811 (1995-11-01), Jejelowo et al.
patent: 5955187 (1999-09-01), McCormack et al.
patent: 0691203 A1 (1996-01-01), None
patent: 07118431 (1995-05-01), None
patent: WO 95/02630 (1995-01-01), None
Patent Abstracts of Japan: Abstract of JP 07118431.
Brady Kevin Arthur
Middlesworth Jeffrey Alan
Baker Aileen J.
Carone Michael J.
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Thomason, Moser & Patterson L.L.P.
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