Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture – Methods – Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Patent
1998-06-16
1999-12-21
Ball, Michael W.
Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
Methods
Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
1562735, 1562755, 1562757, 1563798, 156556, 156578, 156582, B32B 3128
Patent
active
060044136
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a method for making laminates, whereby under laminates is understood in particular layers of glass, plastic or other rigid materials which, either or not combined, are attached to one another by means of intermediate layers formed on the basis of a polymerizable mixture such as a resin or a glue.
In particular, the invention concerns a method which is mainly applied in the glass industry for the manufacturing of single- or multi-laminated glass which consists of at least two glass layers in between which is provided a layer of curable resin.
The laminated glass product obtained according to the invention can be used, depending on the resin used, for different purposes such as sound-insulating glass, bullet-proof glass, fire-retardant glass or such, and it can be combined with thermal insulating glass, with double glazing, mirrors, ornamental glass and such.
A known method for manufacturing laminated glass makes use of transparent PVB (polyvinylbutyral) film and/or PU (polyurethane) film and consists in that one or several of the above-mentioned films are provided between two glass plates, after which the whole is heated in an autoclave at a temperature of about 140 degrees Celsius for about three quarters of an hour and is pressed together so as to obtain a good bond and fuse of the films in relation to one another and in relation to both glass plates.
Although, according to this method, an excellent uniform layer thickness is obtained between the glass plates, it is disadvantageous in that the composition, heating and compression cannot be carried out as a continuous process, so that this method can never be implemented entirely automatically.
Another disadvantage is that this method is restricted by the specific characteristics of the PVB film or PU film itself, which implies that laminates with other or special characteristics cannot be realized.
Other known methods are based on placing two glass plates exactly parallel at a required distance, after which the space between these plates is filled with a liquid resin which is then chemically cured, or whereby the whole is exposed to ultraviolet light of a suitable wavelength, as a result of which the resin cures and also bonds to the glass surfaces.
Mostly, the space between the glass plates is filled with resin while the glass plates are placed vertically.
As the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid resin column in the almost vertical position on both glass plates increases towards the bottom, the lower parts of these glass plates tend to move outward, which inevitably leads to a non-uniform layer thickness of the resin. This may cause tension zones in the whole during and after the curing, which may lead to a delamination effect, i.e. the coming off of the cured resin layer on one or both glass plates.
GB 1 367 977 reveals in what manner the disadvantageous effect of the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid resin layer on the glass plates can be remedied by providing a hydrostatic counteracting pressure. To this end, the glass plates are placed vertically in a receiver, whereby this receiver is gradually filled with a liquid and whereby the layer of liquid, curable resin is simultaneously applied between the glass plates. The resin cures as the liquid in the receiver is heated.
An analogous method is described in CH 574 371, whereby the liquid is water.
These methods are time-consuming and cannot guarantee that the glass plates remain nicely parallel.
According to DE 22 26 342 and DE 26 06 569, the liquid, curable resin layer is inserted between the glass plates when they are vertically positioned, whereas the resin is cured between the glass plates when they are horizontally positioned.
The latter methods cannot guarantee that the bulging of the glass plates is entirely remedied as a result thereof, whereby an underpressure is applied in the resin layer according to DE 22 26 342 so as to avoid said bulging as much as possible.
According to GB 20 15 427, the space between the vertically positioned
REFERENCES:
patent: 4717605 (1988-01-01), Urban et al.
patent: 4999071 (1991-03-01), Nakamura et al.
patent: 5695582 (1997-12-01), Beeteson et al.
patent: 5743778 (1998-04-01), Arimoto et al.
Ball Michael W.
Tolin Michael A
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