Mineral oils: processes and products – Fractionation – Distillation
Patent
1988-06-22
1990-06-05
Caldarola, Glenn
Mineral oils: processes and products
Fractionation
Distillation
203 6, 208 48R, 208 48AA, C10G 916, C07C 718
Patent
active
049311700
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to lightening a petroleum hydrocarbon oil by purifying the same by a thermal treatment operation to produce materials useful in the fields of, for example, fuels. More specifically, it relates to a method for obtaining light fractions useful for fuels and the like by previously adding an organic compound having an active mercapto group therein to the petroleum hydrocarbon oil, followed by a thermal treatment, when the petroleum hydrocarbon oil is fractionated into each useful fraction by a distillation operation.
PRIOR ART
Heretofore, thermal cracking methods, catalytic cracking methods, and hydrogenating cracking methods have been used as methods for lightening petroleum hydrocarbon oils to produce materials useful in the fields of, for example, fuels and the like. In these methods, although hydrocarbon oils can be cracked at a high temperature by a thermal treatment to produce useful light fractions, polymerization reactions occur, simultaneously with the thermal cracking reactions, and polymerized heavy hydrocarbon compounds having a high molecular weight are obtained as by-products. Various proposals have been made for obtaining useful light fractions at a high yield by adding various additives to improve the yield of the light fractions in the above-mentioned methods, as follows:
(i) Methods of adding, as a thermal cracking radical stabilizer, for example, dialkyl thiocarbomic acids, diaryl thiocarbomic acids, etc., or organic phosphate esters, benzothiazoles etc., to petroleum heavy oils (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 57-90093); and
(ii) Methods of adding quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, or a mixture thereof (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 57-21487).
Nevertheless, a method for improving the lightening yield of a petroleum hydrocarbon oil only by a simple distillation operation has not been proposed until now.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the objects of the present invention are to obviate the above-mentioned problems in the state of the prior art and to provide a method for obtaining light fractions useful in the fields of, for example, fuels and the like, by an ordinary distillation operation not only from heavy residual oils but also from crude oils, without depending upon special catalytic and thermal cracking processes.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for lightening a petroleum hydrocarbon oil comprising the steps of: adding 1 part by weight or less, preferably 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight, more preferably 0.005 to 0.05 part by weight, of an organic compound having an active mercapto group therein to 100 parts by weight of a petroleum hydrocarbon; and carrying out a distillation operation by a thermal treatment.
BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The organic compounds having an active mercapto group therein usable in the present invention are preferably those in a liquid state at an ordinary temperature. Examples of such compounds are alkyl mercaptans such as octyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, dimercaptopropane, and dimercaptobutane; polyalkylene ether polythiols such as diethyleneglycol dimercaptane and triethylene glycol dimercaptan; esters of thiocarboxylic acid with monohydric-to polyhydric-alcohols, such as isooctyl thioglycolate, 2-ethylhexyl mercapto propionate, ethyleneglycol dimercaptopropionate, butanediol dimercaptoacetate, trimethylolpropane tris-mercaptoacetate, and pentaerythritol tetrakis-3-mercaptopropionate.
The petroleum hydrocarbon oils capable of being lightened according to the present method are not specifically limited. For example, various crude oils such as naphthenic crude oils, paraffinic crude oils, and mixtures thereof, as well as the topping residual oils and the vacuum distillation residual oils thereof, can be lightened. Especially, the present method is preferably applied to petroleum hydrocarbon oils such as crude oils having a low thermal history.
There are no specific limitations t
REFERENCES:
patent: 2658864 (1953-11-01), Ebel
patent: 3197396 (1965-07-01), Stedman
patent: 4116812 (1978-09-01), Godar et al.
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 56-103284(A), 8/18/81, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 57-21487(A), 2/4/82, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 57-7428(A), 1/14/82, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 57-180692(A), 11/6/82, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 58-34889(A), 3/1/83, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 57-90093(A), 6/4/82, (English translation).
Abstract, Japanese Patent No. 62-207394(A), 9/11/87, (English translation).
Caldarola Glenn
Seibu Oil Co., Ltd.
Unique Chemical Consultant, Ltd.
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